To assess worldwide development of nanotechnology, this paper compares the numbers and contents of nanotechnology patents in the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), European Patent Office (EPO), and Japan Patent Office (JPO). It uses the patent databases as indicators of nanotechnology trends via bibliographic analysis, content map analysis, and citation network analysis on nanot...

The dynamics of innovation are nonlinear and complex: geographical, technological, and economic selection environments can be expected to interact. Can patents provide an analytical lens to this process in terms of different attributes such as inventor addresses, classification codes, backward and forward citations, etc.? Two recently developed patent maps with interactive overlay techniques—Go...

INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................... 411 I. HOW THE CURRENT PATENT SYSTEM CAME TO BE ........................... 414 A. Case Law ............................................................................... 414 i. Markman-Cybor .............................................................. 414 ii. Telegenix-Phillips ..................

Continuing patent applications (continuations, continuations-in-part, and divisionals) are important for patenting strategies a frequent topic in policy debates the United States. However, there is little research on their use. We analyze recent trends continuing application filings examine who uses them, what technologies, relationship with events examination. find that applicants increasingly...

The tribal insignia of American Indians offer a distinctive view into the history of these people. Recently, as the result of federal legislation, some of these materials have been brought together, for tribes that are either federally or State recognized entities, as part of the database collection maintained by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). This article focuses on the...

Retrosynthesis, which predicts the reactants of a given target molecule, is an essential task for drug discovery. In recent years, machine learing based retrosynthesis methods have achieved promising results. this work, we introduce RetroKNN, local reaction template retrieval method to further boost performance template-based systems with non-parametric retrieval. We first build atom-template s...

The contribution of academia to US patents has become increasingly global. Following a pause, with a relatively flat rate, from 1998 to 2008, the long-term trend of university patenting rising as a share of all patenting has resumed, driven by the internationalization of academic entrepreneurship and the persistence of US university technology transfer. We disaggregate this recent growth in uni...

Data can be represented in many different ways within a particular document or set of documents. Hence, attempts to automatically process the relationships between documents or determine the relevance of certain document objects can be problematic. In this study, we have developed software to automatically catalog objects contained in HTML files for patents granted by the United States Patent a...

The aim of this paper is to test whether patent-based indicators are still reliable measures of innovativeness in light of organizational changes in the field of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) protection and the regulatory reforms already under way respectively at the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) and the European Patent Office (EPO). For most high-tech industries, patents repres...