A formal theory of information should represent A consistent system of questions Aggregation or combination of information Focussing or Extraction of information Information algebra (Φ, D) cover these aspects: D a lattice of domains (questions) Φ a semigroup under combination ∀x ∈ D, φ ∈ Φ, φ ⇒x is the information in φ relating to x. Axiomatics Formal definitions and axioms: (Φ, D) is a two-sor...

When maps are used as visualization tools, exploration of potential relationships takes precedence over presentation of facts. In these early stages of scientific analysis or policy formulation, providing a way for analysts to assess uncertainty in the data they are exploring is critical to the perspectives they form and the approaches they decide to pursue. As a basis from which to develop met...