in recent years, the studies of location play a key role in success and stability of economic activities. location studies are under consideration in both national and international levels. meanwhile, identification of goals and methods of solving location problems have significant importance. the purpose of this paper is to examine spatial distribution of economic activities in 14 zones of esf...

In recent years, the studies of location play a key role in success and stability of economic activities. Location studies are under consideration in both national and international levels. Meanwhile, identification of goals and methods of solving location problems have significant importance. The purpose of this paper is to examine spatial distribution of economic activities in 14 zones of Esf...

Following on from the work of Goldstein and Gronberg, it is argued that under certain conditions, internal economies of scope form the bases for two types of agglomeration economy. These differ from two more familiar types, which are based on internal and external economies of scale. A further two types of agglomeration economy are shown to derive from different forms of external economy. The c...

Urban agglomeration economies are usually divided into two categories: urbanization economies and localization economies. In the 1970s and 1980s, a number of attempts were made to estimate urbanization economies and/or localization economies directly in the production function. Since the work by Glaeser et al. in 1992, however, historical effects on agglomeration called dynamic externalities in...

We explore the impact of geographically bounded intra-firm spillovers (internal agglomeration economies) and geographically bounded inter-firm spillovers (external agglomeration economies) on firms’ location strategies. Using data from the Census Bureau’s Longitudinal Business Database and the U.S. Cluster Mapping Project, we analyze organic expansions of biopharmaceutical firms (by both new es...

This paper aims to correct standard measures of agglomeration economies to account for air pollution generated by commuting. This paper examines the impact of nitrogen oxide (NOX) a pollutant mainly released by transportation on worker productivity. Literature on agglomeration economies highlights the positive role of employment density on productivity, without accounting for the environmental ...

This paper investigates the drivers of the environmental innovations (EI) introduced by firms in local production systems (LPS). The role of firm network relationships, agglomeration economies and internationalization strategies is analysed for a sample of 555 firms in the Emilia-Romagna region, North-East of Italy. Cooperating with ‘qualified’ local actors – i.e. universities and suppliers – i...

This paper examines two factors that help to explain geographic variation in health outcomes. The first factor concerns proximity to medical services. The second factor is state-specific health care policy that may impede access to nearby medical services. Four key findings are obtained. First, the effect of local doctors on reducing mortality rates of various diseases in a county attenuates wi...

PN187MvGnew Abstract The present study addresses the relevance of geographic proximity for companies in our age of advanced ICT. Many visions of, and speculations on, an increased footlooseness of companies and a concomitant dispersal of urban economic activity have been published in recent years. To identify whether urban agglomeration economies (in particular, knowledge spillovers) are still ...

*The views expressed here are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia or the Federal Reserve System. ensely populated areas tend to be more productive. Of course, the cost of living and producing in these locations is higher because congestion raises the cost of scarce fixed resources such as land. But despite the higher prices,...