Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is associated with adverse health effects including cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. We developed a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurement of visceral adipose tissue (DXA-VAT) as a low cost and low radiation alternative to computed tomography (CT). DXA-VAT was compared to VAT assessed using CT by an expert reader (E-VAT). In addition, the sam...

Theory predicts that unlike sales and turnover taxes, a value-added tax (VAT) does not distort firms’ production decisions, making it an efficient tax instrument. It is this feature of the VAT that has led to its rapid adoption by more than 160 countries in less than 60 years. This prediction, however, is based on the assumption that the VAT is well-designed and well-enforced, which is often vi...

*Value Added Tax charge for European Union residents. If you live in the European Union in one of the following member states (Belgium, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Portugal, Spain or Sweden) and are not registered for VAT we are required to charge VAT at the rate applicable in your country of residence. If you live in any other member state in the EU and are not registered for VAT you will...

BACKGROUND Although the measurement site at L4-L5 for visceral adipose tissue (VAT) has been commonly accepted, some researchers suggest that additional upper sites (i.e., L1-L2 and L2-L3) are useful for estimating VAT volume. Therefore, determining the optimum measurement site remains challenging and has become important in determining VAT volume. We investigated the influence of a single-slic...

BACKGROUND Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) generally demonstrates a stronger relationship with cardiometabolic risk factors than total body fat or subcutaneous adipose tissue. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to compare VAT estimated in children by total volume dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) with a gold standard measurement, single slice (L4-L5) computed tomography (CT). METHO...

OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to examine whether fatty liver and abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) are jointly associated with cardiometabolic abnormalities. METHODS AND RESULTS Black participants were from the Jackson Heart Study (n=2882, 65% women) who underwent computed tomography. Fatty liver was measured by liver attenuation in Hounsfield units (LA), and VAT was quantified v...

Objective—The goal of this study was to examine whether fatty liver and abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) are jointly associated with cardiometabolic abnormalities. Methods and Results—Black participants were from the Jackson Heart Study (n 2882, 65% women) who underwent computed tomography. Fatty liver was measured by liver attenuation in Hounsfield units (LA), and VAT was quantified vol...

OBJECTIVE Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is a significant risk factor for obesity-related metabolic diseases. This study investigates (1) the best single CT slice location for predicting total abdominal VAT volume in paediatrics and (2) the relationship between waist circumference (WC), sagittal diameter (SD), gender and VAT volume. METHODS A random sample of 130 paediatric abdomen CT scans, s...

in order to implement vat, various countries have applied different procedures including: manufacturing products, whole sale and consumer price procedures, according to their economic structure. for iran, it is proposed that in the first step, vat be confined to manufacturing products and imports, and after some successful implementation in this earlier step, with achieved experience and knowle...