by discovering how chemical compounds/xenobiotics cytotoxicity is affected when their metabolic pathways are inhibited or activated, the metabolic pathways that activate versus detoxify chemical compound can be identified. reactive metabolites contributing to cytotoxicity can also be identified. in this lecture, the pretreatment of inhibitors and activators of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes as...

Blood cells are constantly exposed to several pollutants, including xenobiotics, and they can be considered a useful target for pollution exposition of the animal. The aim this study was investigate effects two xenobiotics (Quaternium-15, preservative used in personal care products, Thiacloprid, neonicotinoid pesticide) on haematological profile erythrocyte osmotic fragility (EOF) equine bovine...

glutathione transferases are multifunctional proteins involved in several diverse intracellular events such as primary and secondary metabolisms, signaling and stress metabolism. these enzymes have been subdivided into eight classes in plants. the phi class, being plant specific, is the most represented. in the present study, based on the sequences available at genbank, different primers were d...

Even though microbial communities can be more effective at degrading xenobiotics than cultured micro-organisms, yet little is known about the strategies that underpin xenobiotic biodegradation by communities. Here, we employ metagenomic community sequencing to explore mechanisms drive development of 49 xenobiotic-degrading communities, which were enriched from 7 contaminated soils or sediments ...