The earliest stages of development in most metazoans are driven by maternally deposited proteins and mRNAs, with widespread transcriptional activation of the zygotic genome occurring hours after fertilization, at a period known as the maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT). In Drosophila, the MZT is preceded by the transcription of a small number of genes that initiate sex determination, patterni...

Gene regulatory networks (GRNs) evolve as a result of the coevolutionary processes acting on transcription factors (TFs) and the cis-regulatory modules they bind. The zinc-finger TF zelda (zld) is essential for the maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT) in Drosophila melanogaster, where it directly binds over thousand cis-regulatory modules to regulate chromatin accessibility. D. melanogaster dis...

In past years, much attention has focused on the gene networks that regulate early developmental processes, but less attention has been paid to how multiple networks and processes are temporally coordinated. Recently the discovery of the transcriptional activator Zelda (Zld), which binds to CAGGTAG and related sequences present in the enhancers of many early-activated genes in Drosophila, hinte...

Zygotic genome activation (ZGA) is a major genome programming event whereby the cells of the embryo begin to adopt specified fates. Experiments in Drosophila and zebrafish have revealed that ZGA depends on transcription factors that provide large-scale control of gene expression by direct and specific binding to gene regulatory sequences. Zelda (Zld) plays such a role in the Drosophila embryo, ...

The shadow enhancer of the short gastrulation (sog) gene directs its sequential expression in the neurogenic ectoderm and the ventral midline of the developing Drosophila embryo. Here, we characterize three unusual features of the shadow enhancer midline activity. First, the minimal regions for the two different enhancer activities exhibit high overlap within the shadow enhancer, meaning that o...

Introduction:In this work, 153Sm-zoledronate (153Sm-ZLD) was studied using computational chemistry methods and prepared for possible use in bone pain palliation therapy. Methods: The Sm(ZLD)2.7H2O complex was synthesized and characterized in solid state using computational chemistry methods followed by 153...

The short gastrulation (sog) shadow enhancer directs early and late sog expression in the neurogenic ectoderm and the ventral midline of the developing Drosophila embryo, respectively. Here, evidence is presented that the sog primary enhancer also has both activities, with the late enhancer activity dependent on the early activity. Computational analyses showed that the sog primary enhancer con...

Water is at the core of sustainable development. Moreover, it essential for social, economic, and environmental well-being. However, water resource availability has been significantly threatened in 21st century. In general, freshwater supplies are being depleted by natural anthropogenic activities, such as rapid population growth, industrialization, intensive agriculture. addition, one main cau...

Genomics has revolutionized biology, enabling the interrogation of whole transcriptomes, genomewide binding sites for proteins, and many other molecular processes. However, individual genomic assays measure elements that operate in vivo as components of larger molecular machines that regulate gene expression. Understanding these processes and the high-order interactions that govern them present...

Abstract High-concentration organic wastewater has become a great challenge for treatment due to its toxicity and non-biodegradability. Traditional water methods focus on removing or destroying pollutants rather than considering the high-concentration as resource. As an ambitious sustainability goal, resource recovery from achieve zero liquid discharge (ZLD) attracted widespread attention. Here...