With some recent developments, the zero energy building and near zero energy building has gained a worldwide attention and now it is seen as the future building concept. Since such buildings are now the center of attraction, various advancements in this area are being reported. This paper is a detailed review of the literature on the zero (or near zero) energy building (ZEB) envelope components...

The operation of so-called Zero Emission Buildings (ZEB) does not result in harmful emissions to water, soil and air. In contrast, ZEBs produce energy, water and resources. Therefore, the definition of ZEBs in this paper goes well beyond the definition of (Net) Zero Energy Buildings, which focuses primarily on greenhouse gas emissions resulting from the combustion of fossil fuels. The concept o...

Buildings are major consumers and contributors of energy and greenhouse gas emissions respectively. Multiple researchers have indicated that increasing levels of greenhouse gas emissions are linked to climate change, which in turn can adversely impact the ecology, economics, and social dynamics on the planet in near future, if no affirmative action is incorporated. In order to reduce the advers...

Under rapid urbanization-induced global warming and resource depletion, growing interest in zero-energy building (ZEB) zero-emission technologies have emerged globally to improve energy performance homes shape sustainable cities. Although several countries released ZEB-enhanced strategies set national standards policies promote ZEBs, construction projects are still limited demonstration project...

An increasing demand for energy-efficient buildings has led to an increasing focus on predicted energy performance once a building is in use. Many studies have identified a performance gap between predicted energy use and actual measured energy use once buildings are in the user phase. However, none of the identified studies normalise measured energy use for both internal and external deviating...

The key role of the building envelope in attaining building energy efficiency and satisfactory indoor comfort has long been established. Nevertheless, until recent times, all efforts and attention have mainly been focused on increasing and optimizing the thermal insulation of the envelope components. This strategy was a winning approach for a long time, but its limitations became obvious when u...

This article discusses energy saving problems of the buildings and structures in order to improve efficiency system for providing comfort conditions. Armenia has not officially established national requirements zero- (ZEB), but some steps have been taken reduce heating cooling consumption. These measures mainly aimed at design smart cities green architecture promotion. There are many ways consu...

Building energy modeling (BEM) is used to support (nearly) zero-energy building (ZEB) projects, since this kind of software represents the only available option forecast consumption with high accuracy. BEM may also be during preliminary analyses or feasibility studies, but simulation results are usually too detailed for stage project. Aside from that, when optimization algorithms used, implied ...

Due to its energy and environmental impact, the building sector has become a challenging field in order fulfil need for renovation obtain low-consumption buildings. The main issue, those who approach feasible design of Zero Energy Building (ZEB), is assess, most realistic way possible, thermal needs production building, properly considering all possible variables. Through analysis newly built r...

In recent decades, European countries have developed concepts, definitions, and construction technologies for Zero Energy Building (ZEB) that are effective correspond to their specific climates. Latin American still trying find adequate solutions which respond the local climatic, cultural, social, technical, economic context. As such, this paper aims establish basis of minimum energy efficiency...