Hailey-Hailey disease (HHD) and Darier's disease (DD) are caused by mutations in Ca(2+)-ATPases with the end result of desmosomal disruption and suprabasal acantholysis. Tight junctions (TJ) are located in the granular cell layer in normal skin and contribute to the epidermal barrier. Aberrations in the epidermal differentiation, such as in psoriasis, have been shown to lead to changes in the e...

BACKGROUND Dermatologic toxicity is an important adverse effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death 1 receptor (PD-1) or PD ligand 1 (PD-L1). Skin toxicity most commonly includes a maculopapular erythematous rash and pruritus. Rarely life threatening complications such as Steven's Johnson syndrome or toxic epid...

A 61-year-old man presented with multiple small, reddish, eroded papules located on his chest (Figure 1A). Histo-Copyright: ©2015 Specchio et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Competing inter...

Focal acantholytic dyskeratosis (FAD), epidermolytic hyperkeratosis (EHK), and Hailey-Hailey-like acantholysis (HH) represent unique histology reaction patterns, which can be associated with defined phenotypic and genotypic alterations. Incidental microscopic foci demonstrating these patterns have been identified in skin and mucosal specimens in association with a gamut of disease processes. Th...

We describe two patients with multiple epidermolytic acanthomas on the scrotum initially referred to our clinic as genital warts. Both patients presented with multiple tan-colored warty papules scattered on the scrotal skin. Biopsy revealed hyperkeratosis, hypergranulosis, and clear cell changes consistent with epidermolytic acanthoma. Human papillomavirus was not detected and the lesions clear...