The acidic ionic liquid (IL) functionalized polymer (PDVB-SO3H-[C3vim][SO3CF3]) possesses abundant nanoporous structures, strong acid strength and unique capability for deconstruction of crystalline cellulose into sugars in ILs. The polymer shows much improved catalytic activities in comparison with mineral acids, homogeneous acidic ionic liquids and the acidic resins such as Amberlyst 15. The ...

Mycobacterium tuberculosis grows within the phagocytic vacuoles of macrophages, where it encounters a moderately acidic and possibly nutrient-restricted environment. Other mycobacterial species encounter acidic conditions in soil and aquatic environments. We have evaluated the influence of pH and divalent cation levels on the growth of M. tuberculosis and seven other mycobacterial species. In a...

Acidic wetlands are global sources of the atmospheric greenhouse gases methane (CH(4)), and nitrous oxide (N(2)O). Consumption of both atmospheric gases has been observed in various acidic wetlands, but information on the microbial mechanisms underlying these phenomena is scarce. A substantial amount of CH(4) is consumed in sub soil by aerobic methanotrophs at anoxic-oxic interfaces (e.g., tiss...

BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the effect of acidic microenvironment on the invasion of prostatic carcinoma PC-3 cells and to explore the potential mechanism. MATERIAL AND METHODS PC-3 cells were maintained in medium at different pHs (pH 7.4, pH 7.0 and pH 6.6). Invasion and metastasis of PC-3 cells were investigated in vitro. Acridine orange staining was performed, followed by la...

BACKGROUND The importance of weakly acidic and weakly alkaline reflux in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is gaining recognition. AIM To quantify the proportions of reflux episodes that are acidic (pH <4), weakly acidic (pH 4-7) and weakly alkaline (pH >7) in adult patients with GERD, and to evaluate their correlation with symptoms. METHODS Studies were identified by systematic PubM...

Defects are often considered as the active sites for chemical reactions. Here a variety of defects in zeolites are used to stabilize zwitterionic glycine that is not self-stable in gas phase; in addition, effects of acidic strengths and zeolite channels on zwitterionic stabilization are demonstrated. Glycine zwitterions can be stabilized by all these defects and energetically prefer to canonica...

The actin-binding protein calponin has been implicated in the regulation of smooth muscle contraction. We have isolated cDNA clones encoding a novel acidic calponin isoform from rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells. The initial 273 residues of the deduced 330 amino acid polypeptide (M(r) 36,377) are highly homologous to basic smooth muscle calponin isoforms, but the remaining 57 residues at ...