To better understand smoking cessation, we examined the actions of varenicline (Chantix) during long-term nicotine exposure. Varenicline reduced nicotine upregulation of α4β2-type nicotinic receptors (α4β2Rs) in live cells and neurons, but not for membrane preparations. Effects on upregulation depended on intracellular pH homeostasis and were not observed if acidic pH in intracellular compartme...

HE term “prealbumin” was originally applied by SMITHIES (1955) to those zones of protein which migrate ahead of albumin in alkaline starch gel. Using acidic starch gel, BRAEND and EFREMOV (1965) and GAHNE (1966) detected numerous protein zones in horse serum that migrated ahead of albumin. Also, FAGERHOL and BRAEND (1965) demonstrated a multiplicity of prealbumin zones in human serum. GAHNE (19...

The multiple classes ofbinding sites for the progesterone-receptor complex in hen oviduct nuclei were found to be of chromatin origin. The highest-affinity, and presumably most physiologically important class, is localized in oviduct chromatin and contains approx. 6000-10000 sites per nucleus. None of these sites is detected in spleen chromatin. Two new techniques were used for assaying rapidly...

The occurrence in lens extracts of acidic peptides, apparently derived from glutathione, was described in the first paper of this series (Waley, 1956). These compounds were isolated by electrophoresis; they migrated rapidly towards the anode at pH 4 (the 'fast-acid' fraction). A major constituent of this fraction (called lo4) was shown to have glutamic acid as the N-terminal amino acid of a tri...

A new colorimetric method for determining the surface-accessible acidic lignin hydroxyl groups in lignocellulose solid fractions was developed. The method is based on selective adsorption of Azure B, a basic dye, onto acidic hydroxyl groups of lignin. Selectivity of adsorption of Azure B on lignin was demonstrated using lignin and cellulose materials as adsorbents. Adsorption isotherms of Azure...

Four types of chief cells can be discerned in the cat carotid body. These cells are referred to as types 1 to 4. They are characterized--in the given order--by decreasing amounts of noradrenaline (argentaffin reaction) and acidic protein(s) (HCl hydrolysis/basic dye methods). The concentrations of acidic protein roughly parallel that of noradrenaline, being highest in type 1 and lowest in type ...

The electrophoretic behavior of pheochromocytoma (PC-12) cells was investigated both experimentally and theoretically. Cell mobility in aqueous media at different pHs and ionic concentrations was measured, and a model, which assumed that the cell surface contains both acidic and basic functional groups, was proposed. As a result, it was revealed that the experimental data gathered can be descri...