Tunnelling through cities underlain by soft soil, commonly associated with soil movement around the tunnels and subsequent surface settlement. The predication of ground movement during the tunnelling and optimum support pressure could be based on analytical, empirical or the numerical methods. The commonly used Earth pressure balance (EPB) tunneling machines, uses the excavated soil in a pressu...

According to the standard model, an active galactic nucleus (AGN) consists of an inner accretion disk with a jet around a central massive black hole, and a number of outer broad line regions (BLRs) and narrow line regions (NLRs). The geometrical relationship between the BLRs and the accretion disk is not well understood. Assuming the motion of the BLRs is virialized and its configuration is dis...

We used the widths of Hβ and [OIII] emission lines to investigate the black hole–bulge relation in radio-loud AGNs, radio-quiet AGNs and NLS1s. The central black hole mass, Mbh, is estimated from the Hβ line width and the optical luminosity, and the bulge velocity dispersion, σ, is directly from the width of [OIII] line. We found that the radio-quiet AGNs follow the established Mbh − σ relation...

The masses of the central black holes of Active Galactic Nuclei estimated by the reverberation virial technique seem to be significantly smaller than predicted from the black hole mass-bulge luminosity relation for massive black holes detected by kinematic methods in less active and normal galaxies. We reexamine the relation for updated data and suggest a few reasons that may cause this discrep...

variable rate application (vra) based on site specific crop management (sscm) is an effective approach for optimizing the application of agricultural inputs and preventing the undesirable environmental impacts. design, construction and evaluation of a map-based vra system was the main objective followed in this research. for variable rate application based on the generated map, a direct injecti...

Extremophilic organisms are primarily prokaryotic (archaea and bacteria), with few eukaryotic examples. Extremophiles are defined by the environmental conditions in which they grow optimally. The organisms may be described as acidophilic (optimal growth between pH 1 and pH 5); alkaliphilic (optimal growth above pH 9); halophilic (optimal growth in environments with high concentrations of salt);...

Image decomposition of galaxies is now routinely used to estimate the structural parameters of galactic components. In this work, I address questions on the reliability of this technique. In particular, do bars and AGN need to be taken into account to obtain the structural parameters of bulges and discs? And to what extent can we trust image decomposition when the physical spatial resolution is...

Any connection between central activity and the large-scale dynamics of disk galaxies requires an efficient mechanism to remove angular momentum from the orbiting material. The only viable means of achieving inflow from kiloparsec scales is through gravitational stresses created by bars and/or mergers. The inflow of gas in bars today appears to stall at a radius of few hundred parsec, however, ...

We describe the X-ray analysis procedure of the on-going Chandra Multiwavelength Plane (ChaMPlane) survey and report the initial results from the analysis of 15 selected anti-Galactic center observations (90 < l < 270). We describe the X-ray analysis procedures for ChaMPlane using custom-developed analysis tools appropriate for Galactic sources but also of general use: optimum photometry in cro...

Most bright galaxies are spirals, like our own, and in the nearby well-studied cases they reveal the beautiful and intricate grand-design spiral patterns that are both familiar and appealing (e.g., Sandage & Tammann 1981). At the centre of a few out of every hundred spirals there is also an extremely bright point of light. This point can be so bright that it can outshine the entire stellar outp...