Acute kidney injury is a heterogeneous group of conditions characterized by a sudden decrease in glomerular filtration rate, manifested by an increase in serum creatinine concentration or oliguria, and classified by stage and cause. This type of injury occurs in approximately 20% of hospitalized patients, with major complications including volume overload, electrolyte disorders, uremic complica...

1Department of Critical Care Medicine, Servicio Médico Integral, Montevideo, Uruguay 2Division of Nephrology, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil 3Department of Nephrology, Universidad de la República and Department of Nephrology, CASMU, Montevideo, Uruguay 4Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (...

Diagnosis and classification of acute pathology in the kidney are major clinical problems. Azotemia and oliguria represent not only disease but normal responses of the kidney to extracellular volume depletion or decreased renal blood flow. Changes in urine output and glomerular filtration rate are therefore neither necessary nor sufficient for the diagnosis of renal pathology. However, no simpl...

Acute kidney injury (AKI) previously known as acute renal failure (ARF) has traditionally been defined as the abrupt loss of kidney function resulting in the retention of urea and other nitrogenous waste products and in the dysregulation of extracellular volume and electrolytes. This can occur in the setting of previously normal renal function or in patients with pre-existing renal disease (acu...

Acute kidney injury (AKI) after cardiac surgery is a common and serious complication. Several definitions of AKI have been proposed recently, and include both increases in serum creatinine levels and decreases in urine output as diagnostic criteria. The pathophysiology of postoperative AKI is complex and involves both ischemic injury and systemic inflammation. Identifying risk factors, such as ...

Objective(s): It has been shown that adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSC) have protective effects in acute kidney injury (AKI). This study was conducted to assess the therapeutic effects of AD-MSC in rats subjected to acute kidney injury by 45 min of renal ischemia followed by 48 hr of reperfusion (I/R). Materials and Methods:...

Acute kidney injury is a clinical syndrome associated with increased patient morbidity and mortality, as well as serious short-term and long-term consequences, especially in the perioperative period. Yet, patients having suffering from temporary acute kidney injury and achieving full recovery of kidney function usually complain of poor quality of life associated with loss of energy and limited ...

Acute kidney injury is a frequent and serious complication in hospitalized patients. Mortality rates have not substantially been decreased during the last 20 years. In most patients AKI results from transient renal hypoperfusion or ischemia. The consequences include tubular cell dysfunction/damage, inflammation of the organ, and post-ischemic microvasculopathy. The two latter events perpetuate ...

A cute kidney injury is a clinical syndrome that has become increasingly recognised as a marker of severity of illness in the acutely sick patient. It can lead to, or worsen, chronic kidney disease, and as a result, increase cardiovascular risk. This article sets out the relevance of acute kidney injury for general practice, detailing the identification, management, follow-up and strategies for...