An issue left unexplained in the paper [1] is the striking quantitative difference between E. coli and B. subtilis. This is clearly visible in Fig. 6 of [1], where it is shown the probability that two genes at distance l belong to the same cluster of codon usage. Clusters are characterized by a similar codon bias and were identified using a novel information-based clustering method. While both ...

Structural congruences have been used to define the semantics and to capture inherent properties of language constructs. They have been used as an addendum to transition system specifications in Plotkin’s style of Structural Operational Semantics (SOS). However, there has been little theoretical work on establishing a formal link between theses two semantic specification frameworks. In this pap...

A. Elmendorf has found an error in the approach to Lemmas 2.2 and 2.3 of “A new proof of the Bott periodicity theorem” (Topology and its Applications, 2002, 167–183). There are also errors in the definitions of the maps in Sections 4.2 and 4.5. In this paper we supply corrections to these errors. We also sketch a major simplification of the argument proving real Bott periodicity, unifying the e...

1 State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention & Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610019, Sichuan, China; E-Mails: [email protected] (X.Z.); [email protected] (R.H.) 2 Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kuala Lumpur 53100, Malaysia; E-Mail: [email protected] 3 Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor ...

This work quantified differences between recommendations of the TG-51 and TG-51 addendum reference dosimetry protocols. Reference dosimetry was performed for flattened photon beams with nominal energies of 6, 10, 15, and 23 MV, as well as flattening-filter free (FFF) beam energies of 6 and 10 MV, following the recommendations of both the TG-51 and TG-51 addendum protocols using both a Farmer® i...