The control problem of soft-landing a toy lunar module simulation is investigated in the context of neural nets. While traditional supervised back-propagation training is inappropriate for lack of training exemplars, genetic algorithms allow a controller to be evolved without diiculty: Evolution is a form of unsupervised learning. A novelty introduced in this paper is the presentation of additi...

Unless we look anew at agriculture in terms of the balances between wider benefits and impacts and link this to current and future societal drivers, we will continue to pay lip service to the concept of sustainability without ever developing ways to achieve it, they argue. Part of the problem in facing the future is the remarkable past achievements. In recent decades there has been a huge growt...

The early stages of binaural processing involve components that appear to be well-designed for precise temporal processing. Neurons that perform coincidence detection for low frequency inputs respond best to rapidly changing inputs. They fire in a phasic manner not tonically and they phase-lock with high vector strength (VS) up to 2 KHz or so. Several features at the biophysical level have been...

A Fuzzy Power System Stabiliser (FPSS) design using discrete inputs is presented. The FPSS basically utilises only one measurable plant signal as input, namely, the generator speed. The speed signal is discretised resulting in three inputs to the FPSS. A simplified power system represented by a single generator transmitting power to the infinite bus is considered for investigations. The system ...

Different olfactory cortical regions are thought to harbor distinct sensory representations, enabling each area to play a unique role in odor perception and behavior. In the piriform cortex (PCx), spatially dispersed sensory inputs evoke activity in distributed ensembles of neurons that act as substrates for odor learning. In contrast, the posterolateral cortical amygdala (plCoA) receives hardw...

An approximate input reconstruction algorithm is used to reconstruct unknown inputs, which are then used for fault detection. The approximate input reconstruction algorithm is a least squares algorithm that estimates both the unknown initial state and input history. The estimated inputs are then compared to the commanded values and sensor values to assess the health of actuators and sensors. Th...

The nature of competition underlying perceptual alternations in binocular rivalry remains controversial. Interocular swapping of rivalrous stimuli can result in either slow irregular perceptual alternations that bridge multiple interocular switches or fast regular alternations that are time locked to the stimulus exchanges. We labeled either the inputs to the eyes or the individual rivalrous st...

Orientation selectivity (OS) is an emergent property in the primary visual cortex (V1). How OS arises from synaptic circuits remains unsolved. Here, in vivo whole-cell recordings in the mouse V1 revealed that simple cells received broadly tuned excitation and even more broadly tuned inhibition. Excitation and inhibition shared a similar orientation preference and temporally overlapped substanti...