Adjuvant programmed death-ligand 1 blockade after concurrent chemoradiation (CCRT) for stage III NSCLC was found to significantly prolong progression free and overall survival1 at five-year follow-up of the PACIFIC phase 3 trial.2 Nevertheless, a significant proportion patients experience disease relapse factors underlying this phenomenon are not well understood. In issue Journal Thoracic Oncol...

Female BALB/c mice were used for immunization with peptide-KLH conjugate. The first immunization was performed using Freund’s complete adjuvant. Incomplete Freund’s adjuvant was used for the second, third, fourth, and fifth immunizations. Finally, 3 days before cell fusion, KLH-peptide (without adjuvant) was injected intravenously. Mice with higher titers of specific antibody were selected for ...

While adjuvant chemotherapy has proven benefit in stage III colon cancer, its role for stage II colon cancer remains unclear. This article reviews data regarding adjuvant therapy in stage II colon cancer. We will discuss factors to consider in assessing the risk of recurrence in stage II disease. We will also outline considerations regarding adjuvant therapy in older patients.

BACKGROUND For node-positive vulvar cancer, adjuvant radiotherapy has an established benefit, whereas the impact of chemotherapy is unknown. A National Cancer Data Base (NCDB) analysis was conducted to determine patterns of care and evaluate the survival impact of adjuvant chemotherapy. METHODS The NCDB was queried for vulvar cancer patients diagnosed from 1998-2011 who underwent extirpative ...

Use of adjuvant chemotherapy has improved outcomes in patients with Stage III colon cancer. However, differences in survival has been seen in patients of different ethnic groups. Potential causes include disparities in the use of adjuvant chemotherapy among different ethnic groups, less access to medical care, including screening colonoscopies for early diagnosis, surgery and adjuvant chemother...

Central neuropathic pain (CNP) is considered as a complicated sensory disturbance which many multiple sclerosis (MS) patients suffer from. Although monophasic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model is a gold standard model in preclinical research of MS, severe movement deficit could confound pain behaviors evaluation over the disease course. In this study, complete Freund&r...

Newcastle disease (ND) causes severe economic losses in poultry production. Despite the intensive vaccination regimes of NDV in Egypt, many outbreaks are being reported. The present study focused on the preparation and evaluation of inactivated velogenic Newcastle disease virus vaccine (genotype VII) isolated from Egyptian broiler chicken during 2015-2016. Fifty-five tissue samples including tr...

BBackground: We have previously reported that immunization with GRA 2 antigen of Toxoplasma gondii induces protective immunity in CBA /J (H2k) and BALB/c mice (H2d). We aimed to examine whether immunization of a distinct strain of rodent with recombinant dense granule antigens (GRA2) combined with monophosphorryl lipid A (MPL) adjuvant elicits protective immune response against T. gondii. Metho...