conclusions pain management in patients with liver dysfunction is always challenging to physicians because of the adverse reactions of drugs, especially opioids. opioids should be used cautiously since they can cause sedation, constipation and sudden encephalopathy effects. since the clearance of these drugs in patients with hepatic insufficiency is decreased, the initial dose must be decreased...

background higher life expectancy and increased ischemic heart disease (ihd) have resulted in increasing number of the elderly patients undergoing cardiac surgeries. age along with many other comorbidities influence the outcome of major surgeries in the elderly patients; hence, case selection before major surgeries is challenging. objectives the pure effect of age after adjusting for other majo...

conclusions despite the relatively high level of knowledge in the context of the general principles of a diet to prevent ramadan-related complications, practical training in regard to the amounts of nutrients associated with ramadan-related complications is both necessary and recommended. background ramadan fasting is associated with some lifestyle changes. a lack of nutritional needs knowledge...

background: the reporting of adverse drug reactions (adrs) by nurses in hospitals is very important.aims: this study was aimed at investigating the impact of an educational intervention to improve adr reporting and whethertrained nurses had better knowledge, attitude, and practice toward adr reporting. materials and methods: a total of 300 nurses in a tertiary care teaching hospital in tehran, ...

conclusions psa, psa density, and gleason score should be considered together in order to more accurately predict the adverse pathologic features of prostate cancer. methods we conducted a cross-sectional study of 105 patients with localized prostate cancer who underwent radical prostatectomy between 2006 and 2013. we recorded gleason scores and psa levels, in addition to the results of patholo...