background pharmacovigilance (pv) data are crucial for ensuring safety and effectiveness of medicines after drugs have been granted marketing approval. this paper describes the pv systems of india, uganda and south africa based on literature and key informant (ki) interviews and compares them with the world health organization’s (who’s) minimum pv requirements for a functional national pv syste...

the use of herbal medicines in diabetes is promising but still far from proven. the purpose of this article is to examine the effect of herbal medicines in the treatment of diabetes, focusing on potential benefits and risks. medline, expert interviews, books, articles and internet searches were used to identify herbal medicines with anti-diabetic properties and their diabetes-related health eff...

background in patients with chronic hepatitis c, triple drug regimens containing a protease inhibitor, peginterferon and ribavirin were found to significantly increase sustained virologic response rates compared to dual drug regimen containing pegylated interferon and ribavirin, especially in genotype 1. objectives in turkey, telaprevir has been used since march 2013. we aimed to evaluate resul...

interferon (ifn)-based therapy, the cornerstone for treatment of hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection, is generally considered to be the single most effective treatment strategy for this infection. although most adverse effects of ifn therapy respond very well to the cessation of this drug, there are reports of serious irreversible adverse effects. this review article evaluates the adverse effects...

conclusions despite the relatively high level of knowledge in the context of the general principles of a diet to prevent ramadan-related complications, practical training in regard to the amounts of nutrients associated with ramadan-related complications is both necessary and recommended. background ramadan fasting is associated with some lifestyle changes. a lack of nutritional needs knowledge...

voriconazole is an antifungal triazole, approved for management of invasive fungal diseases in patients. it is absorbed during two hours and its serum levels will be above 90%, based on the underlying factors, when the drug is administered orally. voriconazole shows a propotional increase in an area under the plasma concentration-time curve (auc), with increasing dose. plasma protein binding of...

SUMMARY A marginal model for the analysis of binomial data involving one or two random factors is presented. Two variance-covariance models are derived based on the multiplicative error formulation. The parameters of mean and variance components are estimated using the quasi-likelihood and method of moments, respectively. An application of the model is illustrated by an analysis of multivariate...

Phenytoin is a commonly used antiepileptic medication in the pediatric age group, but it has a narrow therapeutic range. Various adverse effects have been reported commonly. We report a relatively rare case of encephalopathy in a child from overdose of injectable phenytoin due to ignorance of the previous treatment. Scrutiny of medical records and history is of utmost importance while administe...