BACKGROUND Migraine and other headache disorders affect a large percentage of the population and cause debilitating pain. Activation and sensitization of the trigeminal primary afferent neurons innervating the dura and cerebral vessels is a crucial step in the "headache circuit". Many dural afferent neurons respond to algesic and inflammatory agents. Given the clear role of the transient recept...

Second-order vestibular neurons (2 degrees VN) were identified in the isolated frog brain by the presence of monosynaptic excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) after separate electrical stimulation of individual vestibular nerve branches. Combinations of one macular and the three semicircular canal nerve branches or combinations of two macular nerve branches were stimulated separately in d...

A 47-year-old female underwent robotic pancreatoduodenectomy for the pancreatic head cancer. During surgery, jejunum (the afferent limb) was brought up, although Treitz ligament route to perform pancreaticojejunostomy and hepaticojejunostomy anastomoses, followed by antecolic gastrojejunostomy. The patient presented with acute abdominal pain 3 months after surgery. Laboratory found elevated hep...

Objective: To determine the incidence of afferent limb failure of the in-hospital Medical Emergency Team, characterizing it and comparing the mortality between the population experiencing afferent limb failure and the population not experiencing afferent limb failure. Methods: A total of 478 activations of the Medical Emergency Team of Hospital Pedro Hispano occurred from January 2013 to July...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Using transcranial magnetic stimulation, we investigated short-interval intracortical inhibition and short-latency afferent inhibition in acute ischemic stroke. METHODS We evaluated short-interval intracortical inhibition and short-latency afferent inhibition in the affected hemisphere and unaffected hemisphere in 16 patients and correlated electrophysiological paramete...

We examined the effects of angiotensin II (Ang II) on isolated rabbit afferent arterioles to assess the direct effect of Ang II at the resistance vessel level in the kidney. We microdissected the superficial afferent arteriole from the kidney of New Zealand White rabbits. The afferent arteriole was cannulated with a micropipette system, and the intraluminal pressure was set at 80 mmHg. Ang II d...

L-type Ca2+ channels predominantly influence preglomerular arterioles, but there is less information regarding the role of T-type Ca2+ channels in regulating the renal microvasculature. We compared the effects of T- and L-type channel blockade on afferent and efferent arterioles using the in vitro blood-perfused juxtamedullary nephron preparation. Single afferent or efferent arterioles of Sprag...