Dairy cattle when fed on aflatoxin B1 may excrete M1 in milk as a consequence of dietary exposure. Once AFM1 is excreted milk, it present dairy products such cheese, yogurt, among others. This mycotoxin quite resistant to temperature therefore heat treatments like pasteurization and ultra-pasteurization are not enough inactivate it. In this context, article provides an overview the biological d...

The metabolism of the carcinogenic mycotoxin aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was examined in microsomes derived from human lymphoblastoid cell lines expressing transfected CYP1A2 or CYP3A4 complementary DNAs and in microsomes prepared from human liver donors (n = 4). Lymphoblast microsomes expressing only CYP1A2 activated AFB1 to AFB1-8,9-epoxide (AFB1-8,9-epoxide trapped as the glutathione, conjugate) at ...

The metabolism of the carcinogenic mycotoxin aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was examined in microsomes derived from human lymphoblastoid cell lines expressing transfected CYP1A2 or CYP3A4 complementary DNAs and in microsomes prepared from human liver donors (n = 4). Lymphoblast microsomes expressing only CYPIA2 activated AFB1 to AFBl-8,9-epoxide (AFB1-8,9-epoxide trapped as the glutathione, conjugate) at ...

BACKGROUND Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is the principal hydroxylated AFB1 metabolite present in milk of cows fed with a diet contaminated with AFB1and excreted within 12 hours of administration of contaminated feeds. OBJECTIVE This study was initiated to assess the knowledge and practices of urban dairy farmers and feed millers about aflatoxin in feeds and milk, determine the prevalence and quantify ...

This study was conducted to evaluate and compare the levels of aflatoxin M1 in raw and pasteurized milk samples during different seasons by Enzyme- Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay in Sanandaj, Iran. In 257 (94.49%) out of 272 milk samples the presence of aflatoxin M1 was detected in concentrations ranging between 0.007 and 115.930 ng/l. AFM1 level in 12 (4.4%) of positive samples were higher than t...

A detailed theoretical study of magnetic behavior of iron along the bcc-fcc (Bain’s) transformation paths at various atomic volumes, using both the local spin-density approximation (LSDA) and the generalized gradient approximation (GGA), is presented. The total energies are calculated by the spin-polarized fullpotential linearized augmented plane waves method and are displayed in contour plots ...