Open Government Data often contain information that, in more or less detail, regard private citizens. For this reason, before publishing them, public authorities manipulate data to remove any sensitive information while trying to preserve their reliability. This paper addresses the lack of tools aimed at measuring the reliability of these data. We present two procedures for the assessment of th...

Conventional analyses on eye movement data only take into account eye movement metrics, such as the number or the duration of fixations and length of the scanpaths, on which statistical analysis is performed for detecting significant differences. However, the spatial dimension in the eye movements is neglected, which is an essential element when investigating the design of maps. The study descr...

A view is a virtual relation defined in terms of ba se relations and is said to be materialized if it is stored in the database. In the past few years, mate rialized views have attracted a significant amount of research in many applications environments as a means of enhancing query performance. Materialized views offer significant performance ad vantages in evaluating a query by eliminating th...

When we have several results of measuring or estimating the same quantities, it is desirable to aggregate them into a single estimate for the desired quantities. A natural requirement is that if the majority of estimates has some property, then the aggregate estimate should have the same property. It turns out that it is not possible to require this for all possible properties – but we can requ...

An aggregate is a group of primary particles that cohere to each other more strongly than to other surrounding soil particles. Most adjacent particles adhere to some degree. Therefore, disintegration of the soil mass into aggregates requires imposition of a disrupting force. Stability of aggregates is a function of whether the cohesive forces between particles withstand the applied disruptive f...

In the case of real-valued inputs, averaging aggregation functions have been studied extensively with results arising in fields including probability and statistics, fuzzy decision-making, and various sciences. Although much of the behavior of aggregation functions when combining standard fuzzy membership values is well established, extensions to interval-valued fuzzy sets, hesitant fuzzy sets,...

It has been observed by different authors that QTAG-modules behave very much like torsion abelian groups. In this paper, in section 3, we characterize quasi-essential submodules (Theorem 3.9) and further find a characterization for an h-pure submodule to be a direct summand (Theorem 3.11). In section 4, we obtained a necessary and sufficient condition for a submodule to be contained in a minima...

Determination of the outcome of an IT project in a developing nation is often based on sectoral models and highly aggregated data. This paper offers an example of a replicable methodology to go to the grass roots—the user level—to obtain valuable insights from the individual and group data that are masked by the aggregate statistics.

Firms often carry a portfolio of multiple brands within a product category to target different quality tiers in the market. Furthermore, to satisfy heterogeneous consumer preferences within each quality tier, these firms also offer several variants for each brand. A natural outcome of this practice is inter-brand variant overlap which could occur across tiers or within a tier. In this paper, we...

The common approach to integrating thermodynamics and economics is subsuming thermodynamic aspects among the set of constraints under which economic activity takes place. The causal link between energy and growth is investigated via aggregate econometric analysis. This paper discusses methodological issues of aggregate analysis and proposes an alternative framework based on recent developments ...