abstract research and development (r&d;) spending plays a major role in innovation, raising productivity and increasing economic growth. the purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of r&d; spending on growth and total factor productivity (tfp) in iran's agricultural sector. we estimate growth and productivity models using auto-regressive distributed lag (ardl) approach and data over ...

The purpose of this research is to assess the welfare effects of climate change on the Chilean agricultural sector, with special focus on changes in water availability. The productive impacts of climate change on the agricultural sector are well analyzed at both a global and national level. There is, however, a lack of evidence about the aggregated impacts, considering both demand and supply. T...

In this article, we assess ecological, economic and social sustainability impacts of four alternative agricultural policy scenarios relevant to the European perspective. The analysed scenarios are: Prolonged Agenda 2000, On-going CAP reform, Integrated rural and environmental policy, and Liberalised Agricultural Trade. An economic agricultural sector model of Finnish agriculture is used in the ...

considerable consequence of households’ consumption expenditure changes is on energy using in agricultural sector and in other economical sectors. the main objective of this paper was to study of consequences increasing rural and urban households expenditures on changing of energy using in agricultural sector and on producing of environmental pollutants in khorasan razavi province. for this pur...

Both economic theory and modern economic history show that productivity growth in non-agricultural sectors has consistently outweighed that of the agricultural sector. Thus, as development progresses, employment, which had been centered around the agricultural sector, becomes more and more dependent on the industrial and services sectors. This relationship between economic growth, and the move ...

Better prospect for agricultural exports and productivity should increase agricultural wage. However, we argue that such an outcome depends on the capital movement between the formal and informalmanufacturing sectors. This is shown in a model that demonstrates a close link between agricultural and informal wage. Presence of an informal sector may lead to reverse migration from the urban to the ...

This paper examines the structures of information transfer to the agricultural (production) and agro-alimentary (transformation and commercialization of the products) sector within Spain. A historical perspective is provided to better illustrate the reality and complexity of Spain with regard to the systems of agrarian extension, agricultural research, resources provided by Spain’s central admi...

this paper aims to analyze tariff protection policies in the agricultural sector of developing countries. the agricultural tariff structure in developing countries is characterized by: i) high average tariffs, ii) the existence of tariff escalation, iii) dispersion of nominal tariffs across tariff lines, and iv) a wide gap between average nominal tariffs and import-weighted average tariffs. con...

ABSTRACT-Due to the important role productivity plays in future decision making and programming, the productivity indexes should have accurate quantities. In this study, Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) methods are applied to time series of 1978-2008 to accurately measure total factor productivity (TFP) in the agricultural sector of Iran. The comparison of these...

1. The public sector dominates Lesotho‘s agricultural sector. The public sector provides strategic direction for agriculture; chooses appropriate technologies; provides almost all of the capital used in the sector and assumes most of the risk associated with sector performance. The public sector treats farming per se as one among many ―Marginal Livelihood Strategies‖ available to poor farmers r...