Acetaldehyde, acrolein, and formaldehyde are the principal toxic aldehydes present in cigarette smoke and contribute to the risk of cardiovascular disease and noncancerous pulmonary disease. The rapid growth of the use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) has raised concerns over emissions of these harmful aldehydes. This work determines emissions of these aldehydes in both free and bound (a...

Phospholipid oxidation generates several bioactive aldehydes that remain esterified to the glycerol backbone ('core' aldehydes). These aldehydes induce endothelial cells to produce monocyte chemotactic factors and enhance monocyte-endothelium adhesion. They also serve as ligands of scavenger receptors for the uptake of oxidized lipoproteins or apoptotic cells. The biochemical pathways involved ...

Aldehydes represent an important class of cytotoxic products derived from free radical-induced lipid peroxidation which may contribute to reperfusion injury following myocardial infarct. Metabolism of aldehydes in the heart has not been well characterized aside from conjugation of unsaturated aldehydes with glutathione. However, aliphatic aldehydes like hexanal do not form stable glutathione co...

A novel Lewis acid catalyzed Prins/pinacol cascade process has been developed for the synthesis of 7-substituted-8-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-1-ones in good yields with excellent selectivity. This is the first example of the synthesis of oxaspirocycles from aldehydes and 1-(4-hydroxybut-1-en-2-yl)cyclobutanol through a cascade of Prins/pinacol rearrangement. This method is applicable to a wide range of...

The first enantioselective, organocatalytic alpha-trifluoromethylation and alpha-perfluoroalkylation of aldehydes have been accomplished using a readily available iridium photocatalyst and a chiral imidazolidinone catalyst. A range of alpha-trifluoromethyl and alpha-perfluoroalkyl aldehydes were obtained from commercially available perfluoroalkyl halides with high efficiency and enantioselectiv...

We herein report the Rh(iii)-catalyzed C-H bond activation and addition of benzimidates to aldehydes to afford biologically important phthalides in a single step. The imidate is a novel and unexplored directing group that not only enables C-H bond activation and addition to aldehydes, but also serves to capture the reversibly formed alcohol intermediate. The reaction shows broad scope with a hi...

Wine models with or without a dearomatised and lyophilized red wine extract containing young aroma base (control) plus one vector several compounds (unsaturated-aldehydes, saturated-aldehydes, benzaldehyde, isoamyl-alcohol, methoxypyrazines (Z)-1,5-octadien-3-one) were prepared. Models spiked increasing amounts of acetaldehyde whose headspace concentrations controlled. Odour nasal chemesthesic ...

[reaction: see text] l-Proline catalyzed the enzyme-like direct asymmetric assembly of aldehydes, ketones, and azodicarboxylic acid esters to provide optically active beta-amino alcohols. This assembly reaction uses both aldehydes and ketones as donors in one pot. The aldol-derived stereocenter is formed with a reduced facial selectivity in reactions involving (R)-amino aldehydes. The reactions...

We report here the first systematic study of nickel-catalyzed decarbonylation of aromatic aldehydes under relatively mild conditions. Aldehydes with electron donating groups at para and ortho positions are generally successful with our method. For aldehydes with electron-withdrawing groups, significantly higher yields were achieved for ortho-substituted substrates than para ones, probably due t...