The isoelectric points of three baculoviruses, Trichoplusia ni nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV), T. ni granulosis virus, and Spodoptera littoralis NPV were identified by cell electrophoresis. At neutral pH polyhedra were negatively charged. T. ni NPV polyhedra were reacted with a number of reagents which could potentially attach to or degrade their surface structure. This gave information on th...

The role of the Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) immediate-early protein IE0 in the baculoviral infection is not clear. In this study, we constructed the recombinant virus vAcDeltaie0 null for ie0 expression by targeted mutagenesis replacing exon0 with the cat gene. We found that vAcDeltaie0 replicated efficiently in Spodoptera littoralis SL2 cells, which are poorly...

39 Phenoloxidase (PO) is believed to be a key mediator of 40 immune function in insects and has been implicated both in 41 non-self recognition and in resistance to a variety of 42 parasites and pathogens, including baculoviruses and para43 sitoids. Using larvae of the Egyptian cotton leafworm, Spo44 doptera littoralis, we found that despite its apparent impor45 tance, haemolymph PO activity va...

Inhibition of sex pheromone production has been observed after topical treatment of pheromonal glands with DMSO solutions of 2-bromohexadecanoic acid, in three lepidopteran insects: Spodoptera littoralis, Thaumotopoea pityocampa, and Bombyx mori. It has been shown that this effect was brought about by action on the reductases and acetyltransferases of the final steps of the pheromones biosynthe...

Exogenously supplied ascorbic acid (AsA) strongly induced furanocoumarin production in leaf and root cultures of GLEHNIA LITTORALIS, but not in cell suspension cultures, after 24 h of treatment. The dose dependency showed that both organ tissues responded well to AsA supplied at concentrations of 10 - 40 mM. For induction of furanocoumarin production, roots required contact with AsA for at leas...

the use of adjuvants enhances the insecticide efficiency and increases the persistence of insecticides. in this study, the effect of adjuvants on the toxicity of chlorpyrifos and cyhalothrin formulations were investigated under laboratory and field conditions. the comparative toxicity of two chlorpyrifos [(48% emulsifiable concentrate (ec)] formulations (dursban and pyrifos el nasr), two cyhalo...

A practical, brief, and diastereoselective synthesis of limonoid CDE fragments from a readily available starting material is described. The key step was the titanocene(III)-promoted cyclization of unsaturated epoxylactones, readily prepared from α-cyclocitral. In this way, we confirm the viability of our procedure for the synthesis of a limonoid model with different functionalization patterns. ...