Benzodiazepines are among the most prescribed drugs for the treatment of a wide spectrum of clinical disorders. They have been used as anticonvulsants, anxiolytics, hypnotics or muscle relaxants with different durations of action. In this paper, the determination of six frequently used benzodiazepines and metabolites: flunitrazepam, oxazepam, alprazolam, chlordiazepoxide, diazepam and desmethyl...

Green tea extract is a widely used dietary supplement. The objective of this study was to assess the influence of a decaffeinated green tea (DGT; Camellia sinensis) extract on the activity of the drug-metabolizing enzymes cytochrome P-450 2D6 and 3A4. Probe drugs dextromethorphan (30 mg, CYP2D6 activity) and alprazolam (ALPZ; 2 mg, CYP3A4 activity) were administered orally to healthy volunteers...

A systematic kinetic analysis of the metabolism of five benzodiazepines (low to high clearance compounds) was performed in CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and CYP2C19 baculovirus-expressed recombinant systems. The data obtained in the expression systems were scaled and compared with human liver microsomal predicted clearance and observed in vivo values, using either cytochrome P450 relative activity factors (R...

OBJECTIVE This study compared the efficacy and tolerability of clonazepam with other benzodiazepines in patients with anxiety disorders. METHODS Inclusion criteria were as follows: age >20 years, diagnosis of anxiety disorder according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th edition, text revision (DSM-IV-TR) criteria, taking only one type of antidepressant, and presc...

A 63-year-old woman was referred to the sleep center complaining of daytime sleepiness, snoring, and insomnia. She was single and never married but, on a recent business trip, was noted by a colleague to snore loudly. There was no report of witnessed apnea. She slept 8 to 8.5 hours per night but complained of daytime drowsiness and mental fogginess, particularly in the afternoons. She occasiona...

Results There is use of BZD in a 76% of the sample, with a predominancy of the female gender (72.4% vs 27.6%), a global average age of 56.55 ± 12.4 years. In relation to personal psychiatric background it can be observed in 47.4% the absence of these, followed by 39.5% in which there is presence of previous depressive episodes. There is a predominancy in the absence of toxic abuse (97.4%) and t...

The present study investigates the anxiolytic activity of NR-ANX-C, a standardized polyherbal formulation containing the extracts of Withania somnifera, Ocimum sanctum, Camellia sinensis, Triphala, and Shilajit in ethanol withdrawal- (EW-) induced anxiety behavior in rats. Ethanol dependence in rats was produced by substitution of drinking water with 7.5% v/v alcohol for 10 days. Then, ethanol ...

Green tea extract is a widely used dietary supplement. The objective of this study was to assess the influence of a decaffeinated green tea (DGT; Camellia sinensis) extract on the activity of the drug-metabolizing enzymes cytochrome P-450 2D6 and 3A4. Probe drugs dextromethorphan (30 mg, CYP2D6 activity) and alprazolam (ALPZ; 2 mg, CYP3A4 activity) were administered orally to healthy volunteers...