To determine whether a benzodiazepine facilitates systematic desensitization, 144 subjects with dental injection phobia received systematic desensitization in combination with placebo or one of two doses of alprazolam (0.5mg or 0.75mg). Systematic desensitization therapy included computer-controlled presentation of digitized video segments followed by in vivo exposure segments, culminating in a...

Effective tinnitus relief can be achieved in a large percentage of patients using appropriately selected wearable devices that provide masking of the tinnitus. Guidelines are presented for selecting between three types of devices for that purpose: (1) tinnitus maskers; (2) hearing aids; and (3) tinnitus instruments (units that combine hearing aid and masker in the same case). For patients whose...

OBJECTIVE To date, there are no data investigating the effects of GABA(A) activation on counterregulatory responses during repeated hypoglycemia in humans. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of prior GABA(A) activation using the benzodiazepine alprazolam on the neuroendocrine and autonomic nervous system (ANS) and metabolic counterregulatory responses during next-day hypoglycemi...

Anxiety and depression are common psychiatric disorders, often requiring prolonged pharmacotherapy with many adverse effects. So, traditionally used medicinal plants may be safer alternatives. Reports of anxiolytic and antidepressant activity of Ocimum sanctum are scarce and no studies are available on the combination of plant extract with reduced dosage of standard drugs. Our aim was to evalua...

A reversed-phase "high-performance" liquid-chromatographic assay for the quantification of alprazolam in serum or plasma is described. Serum or plasma is extracted with toluene/isoamyl alcohol (99/1 by vol), evaporated, and reconstituted in the mobile phase. The latter is washed with hexane, then subjected to reversed-phase liquid chromatography and ultraviolet detection at 202 nm. Either U-314...

The effects of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor activation on physiologic responses during next-day exercise in type 1 diabetes are unknown. To test the hypothesis that GABA A activation with the benzodiazepine alprazolam would blunt counterregulatory responses during subsequent exercise, 29 (15 male, 14 female) individuals with type 1 diabetes (HbA1c 7.8 ± 1%) were studied during separate...

Valerian (Valeriana officinalis) is a popular dietary supplement. The objective of this study was to assess the influence of a valerian extract on the activity of the drug-metabolizing enzymes cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) and 3A4. Probe drugs dextromethorphan (30 mg; CYP2D6 activity) and alprazolam (2 mg; CYP3A4 activity) were administered orally to healthy volunteers (n = 12) at baseline and a...

Benzodiazepines seem to be frequently abused in conjunction with opioids. Fluoxetine was reported to block morphine locomotor sensitization in rats. Sensitization has been implicated in some aspects of drug abuse. We have investigated the effect of alprazolam (0.25 mg/kg) and fluoxetine (5 mg/kg) on the development and expression of sensitization to the locomotor stimulant effect of morphine (1...

Objective: This study aims to investigate the effect of alprazolam administration on sperm viability mice (Mus musculus) strain Balb/C following CUMSfor 53 days. Method: used a true experimental design through randomization. Control group kept undisturbed without treatment and therapy throughout 60 K1 K2 were exposed day period CUMS along with 7-day pretreatment adaptation. was adapted for week...