OBJECTIVE To determine if functional connectivity of the hippocampus is reduced in patients with Alzheimer disease. DESIGN Functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging was used to investigate coherence in the magnetic resonance signal between the hippocampus and all other regions of the brain. PARTICIPANTS Eight patients with probable Alzheimer disease and 8 healthy volunteers. RESU...

Research in Alzheimer disease has recently demonstrated compelling evidence on the importance of oxidative processes in its pathogenesis. Cellular changes show that oxidative stress is an event that precedes the appearance of the hallmark pathologies of the disease, neurofibrillary tangles, and senile plaques. While it is still unclear what the initial source of the oxidative stress is in Alzhe...

Clinical and basic evidence suggests that both large artery and small vessel disease contribute to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease, one form of dementia. Although the study of the cause of Alzheimer disease began with a vascular emphasis, the field shifted to a focus on neuronal changes in response to local amyloid β peptides (Aβ), subsequent Tau pathology, and their ultimate effects on c...

In this short review, the link between aging and the onset of Alzheimer 's disease is discussed. It has been widely suggested that aging is the greatest risk factor for Alzheimer 's disease,in which a failure in the insulin signal-transduction pathway could occur with age and, thereby, the assembly of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (two aberrant structures present in Alzheimer 's di...

SUMMARY Alzheimer disease affects millions of people worldwide. The neuropathologic process underlying this disease begins years, if not decades, before the onset of memory decline. Recent advances in neuroimaging suggest that it is now possible to detect Alzheimer-associated neuropathologic changes well before dementia onset. Here, we evaluate the role of recently developed in vivo biomarkers ...

Free radical-mediated oxidative damage is thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease. Previous studies have shown oxidative damage to lipids, proteins, DNA, and RNA in multiple brain regions in late-stage Alzheimer disease. Recent studies on patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment who have undergone autopsy have shown increased lipid peroxidation as well as protein...

The molecular bases of Alzheimer disease and related neurodegenerative disorders are becoming better understood, but the means for definitive diagnosis and monitoring in vivo remain lacking. Near-infrared optical spectroscopy offers a potential solution. We acquired transmission and reflectance spectra of thin brain tissue slabs, from which we calculated wavelength-dependent absorption and redu...

lillie is known about the sexual differences in volume of human insular cortex in normal subjects and those suffering from ncurodcgcncrativc diseases. the objective of this study is 10 investigate the sex difference in volume of the left insular cortex in normal right-handed subjects versus subjects suffering from alzheimer and parkinson diseases. this study was performed on 72 normal human bra...

The hallmarks of Alzheimer disease are amyloid-β plaques and neurofibrillary tangles accompanied by signs of neuroinflammation. Lysozyme is a major player in the innate immune system and has recently been shown to prevent the aggregation of amyloid-β1-40 in vitro. In this study we found that patients with Alzheimer disease have increased lysozyme levels in the cerebrospinal fluid and lysozyme c...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES It has been speculated that the use of anesthetic agents may be a risk factor for the development of Alzheimer disease. The objective of this review is to describe and discuss pre-clinical and clinical data related to anesthesia and this disease. CONTENT Alzheimer disease affects about 5% of the population over 65 years old, with age being the main risk factor and be...