one of the rich families of azerbaijan during mongol and ilkhanid period was “jamā‘at-e malekān” of tabriz. the persons of this family had rulership in tabriz and its districts and were nobles and respected persons for the mongol khans including holagu (rule: 651-663). some personalities of this family, like malek mahmūd, amīr majd al-dīn muhammad and abu al-majd tabrizi, were poets and scholar...

in the abbasid era, chieftainship (niqābat) was a politico-religious institution with social functions. since the early periods of the samanids era, the alavids’ chieftainship in nayshābūr, capital of khurāsān, had been turned over to the ḥusaynī alavids of banū zubāra, but amīr nūḥ b. manṣūr sāmānī (ruled 366-378) handed over this post to a ḥasanī alavid, whose descendants became the hereditar...

majd al-islam kermani was an intellectual clergyman and outstanding journalist of constitution period who spent his life on serving his country. he fought qajar despotic government, writing several articles in newspapers especially adab, even to be exiled to kalat. but after the constitutionalists got victory and the new government established, he published four newspapers in the name of nedaye...

american missionaries were active in mashhad since qajar period and the presbyterian mission first established a hospital in mashhad and set up a great project for construction of a school and church by purchasing a large piece of land in pāchinār neighborhood since 1301 sh/1923. this enterprise by the american missioners elicited various reactions from the scholars, businessmen and others to s...

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quṭb al-dīn al-shīrāzī (634h/1236ce-710h/1311ce) wrote four major works on astronomy: nihāyat al‐idrāk fī dirāyat al‐aflāk (“the utmost attainment in comprehending the orbs), in arabic, first edition completed mid-shaʿbān 680/november 1281); the ikhtiyārāt‐i muẓaffarī (“selections for muẓaffar al-dīn arslan” [a minor ruler in qasṭamūnī (modern kastamonu, turkey)], in persian, completed sometime...

Abstract In this article, we carry out an introductory study of a little-known text titled Siyar al-mulūk , written in the late seventh/thirteenth century by author named ʿUmar b. Dāwūd al-Fārisī, and dedicated to Ayyubid amīr Hama. There is only one known extant copy work, which belongs collection Topkapı Palace Library dates 727/1327. presents what he has written, confusingly, as “arabicizati...

Nadia Belhadj Hmida , Mélika Ben Ahmed, Amel Moussa , Majd Ben Rejeb, Yosra Said, Nadia Kourda, Bertrand Meresse, Maha Abdeladhim, Hechmi Louzir, Nadine Cerf-Bensussan 1 Department of Clinical Immunology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunisia 2 Tunis El Manar University, Tunisia 3 Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hôpital Charles Nicolle, Tunis, Tunisia 4 Department of Pathology, Hôpi...