External fixation is commonly used during distal tibia realignment osteotomies, distraction osteogenesis, and fractures treatment (1, 2). A frame extension across the ankle helps to prevent joint contractures(2), joint subluxations(3), and increases fixation stability (4). The effect of spanning of the ankle on the biomechanics of external fixation to our knowledge has not been studied. The pur...

The authors report on a case of tibial shaft fracture associated with ankle injury. The clinical, radiological and surgical characteristics are discussed. Assessment of associated injuries is often overlooked and these injuries are hard to diagnose. When torque occurs in the lower limb, the ankle becomes susceptible to simultaneous injury. It is essential to make careful assessment based on cli...

PURPOSE To compare the outcome after early versus late surgery for closed ankle fractures in terms of the length of hospital stay and infection rate. METHODS Records of 95 men and 119 women aged 14 to 92 (mean, 46) years who underwent open reduction and internal fixation for ankle fractures during three 6-month periods in 2004, 2007, and 2010 were reviewed. 82 and 132 patients underwent surge...

From 1990 to 1994 we undertook arthroscopy of the ankle on 34 consecutive patients with residual complaints following fracture. Two groups were compared prospectively. Group I comprised 18 patients with complaints which could be attributed clinically to anterior bony or soft-tissue impingement. In group II the complaints of the 16 patients were more diffuse and despite extensive investigation t...

BACKGROUND Passive joint mobilisation is a technique frequently used by physiotherapists to reduce pain, improve joint movement and facilitate a return to activities after injury, but its use after ankle fracture is currently based on limited evidence. The primary aim of this trial is to determine if adding joint mobilisation to a standard exercise programme is effective and cost-effective afte...

OBJECTIVE The primary aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of adding manual therapy to a physiotherapy programme for ankle fracture. DESIGN Assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial. PARTICIPANTS Ninety-four adults were recruited within one week of cast removal for isolated ankle fracture. Inclusion criteria were: they were able to weight-bear as to...

Tissue degeneration, infection, inflammation, cancer, trauma, surgery and limb fractures all produce pain. Each of these physiological abnormalities requires a therapeutic approach different from the last. In acute pain, caused by fracture, several classes of analgesics have been utilized. These basic remedies for analgesia, however, are still confined to a small number of medications, includin...

The long-term physical, psychological and social outcomes of 68 patients with an ankle fracture were investigated by using a postal questionnaire 6 years after injury. Patients were treated at a level I Trauma Centre between January 1989 and December 1989. Where applicable, the outcomes were compared with the outcomes of severely injured patients who were investigated previously. Physically, th...

This study was performed in order to determine the loss of strength of the dorsiflexors in healthy persons after immobilization of the ankle, and the ability of these muscles to regain strength. First, isometric ankle dorsiflexion strength was measured in 33 healthy male and 39 female subjects in age categories 20-40 and 40-80 years, in order to obtain reference data and to determine the reprod...

The ankle is a common site of painful symptoms in athletes and nonathletes. Posterior ankle pain can be the end result of several pathologies, and a diagnostic challenge for rheumatologists. The posterior ankle impingement syndrome, also known as os trigonum syndrome and posterior tibiotalar compression syndrome, is a clinical disorder characterized by acute or chronic posterior ankle pain trig...