BACKGROUND Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is the leading cause of acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) in children. It is estimated to cause approximately 33.8 million new episodes of ALRI in children annually, 96% of these occurring in developing countries. It is also estimated to result in about 53,000 to 199,000 deaths annually in young children. Currently there are several vaccine a...

BACKGROUND Measles was responsible for an estimated 100,000 deaths worldwide in 2008. Despite being a vaccine-preventable disease, measles remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in young children. Although a safe and effective injectable measles vaccine has been available for over 50 years it has not been possible to achieve the uniformly high levels of coverage (required to achieve m...

BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus is a commensal of human skin and nares. It is also one of the leading nosocomial pathogens in both developed and developing countries and is responsible for a wide range of life threatening infections, especially in patients who are immunocompromised, post-surgery, undergoing haemodialysis and those who are treated with catheters and ventilators. Over the past t...

We consider answering queries on data available through access methods, that provide lookup to the tuples matching a given binding. Such interfaces are common Web; further, they often have bounds how many results can return, e.g., because of pagination or rate limits. thus study result-bounded which may return only limited number tuples. decide if query is answerable using i.e., compute plan re...

BACKGROUND Influenza is an under-appreciated cause of acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) in children. It is estimated to cause approximately 20 million new episodes of ALRI in children annually, 97% of these occurring in developing countries. It is also estimated to result in 28000 to 112000 deaths annually in young children. Apart from hospitalisations and deaths, influenza has signific...

BACKGROUND Pneumonia is the leading cause of child mortality worldwide. Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) or pneumococcus is estimated to cause 821,000 child deaths each year. It has over 90 serotypes, of which 7 to 13 serotypes are included in current formulations of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines that are efficacious in young children. To further reduce the burden from SP pneumonia, a vaccine is...

Abstract A number of governmental and nongovernmental organizations have made significant efforts to encourage the development artificial intelligence in line with a series aspirational concepts such as transparency, interpretability, explainability, accountability. The difficulty at present, however, is that these exist fairly abstract level, whereas order for them tangible effects desired the...

Abstract Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems are ubiquitous. From social media timelines, video recommendations on YouTube, and the kinds of adverts we see online, AI, in a very real sense, filters world see. More than that, AI is being embedded agent-like systems, which might prompt certain reactions from users. Specifically, find ourselves feeling frustrated if these do not meet our expectat...

All askers who post questions in Community-based Question Answering (CQA) sites such as Yahoo! Answers, Quora or Baidu’s Zhidao, expect to receive an answer, and are frustrated when their questions remain unanswered. We propose to provide a type of “heads up” to askers by predicting how many answers, if at all, they will get. Giving a preemptive warning to the asker at posting time should reduc...