BACKGROUND The use of botulinum toxin for the treatment of spasmodic dysphonia is currently the treatment of choice for management of this neurological voice disorder. Over the past 20 years, botulinum toxin has been used to treat both adductor and abductor forms of the disorder, with vocal improvement noted after treatment for both. A large number of studies have attempted to document the effi...

BACKGROUND/AIM Spasmodic dysphonia (DS) is a disabling speech disturbance appearing as the consequence of dystonic vocal folds contraction. Its intermittent appearance in the laryngeal muscles causes vocal function discontinuation. The quality of life of these patients is significantly disturbed. Surgical and a medical therapy appear to be inadequate and unsuccessful ones of no steady improveme...

CASE PRESENTATION Upon arrival in Beijing, China from London, England in 2008 a previously healthy 56-year old man developed a regular spasmodic cough for the duration of his stay in the city.

Artritis gout terjadi ketika kristal urat menumpuk di sendi, kondisi ini menyebabkan peradangan dan rasa sakit yang hebat dari serangan asam urat. Kristal dapat terbentuk seseorang memiliki kadar tinggi dalam darah. Berdasarkan penelitian telah dilakukan pada manusia hewan, menunjukkan banyak efek menguntungkan kayu manis untuk kesehatan, seperti antidiare, antimikroba, anti inflamasi, antioksi...

BACKGROUND Although mentioned in most series, "pure" autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias, except spinocerebellar ataxia type 6, are difficult to differentiate on clinical grounds. OBJECTIVE To describe Portuguese families with a peculiar pure form of dominant ataxia that, to our knowledge, has never been documented before and in which cerebellar signs are preceded by spasmodic cough. PATI...

OBJECTIVES To study the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity assessed by the use of a structured clinical interview in a large, representative sample of patients with spasmodic torticollis (ST) and to test the hypothesis that social phobia would be highly prevalent. METHODS In a consecutive cohort of 116 patients with ST treated with botulinum toxin overall psychiatric comorbidity was studie...