The array of medications available for the treatment of hyperglycemia has increased rapidly in the previous decade, and recent investigations have clarified novel mechanisms underlying the antihyperglycemic efficacy of these drugs. This article reviews the mechanisms of action for medications currently approved to treat diabetes mellitus in the United States, with the exception of insulin and i...

Essential oil (EO) obtained by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus from aerial parts of Nepeta cataria L. var. citriodora (Becker), cultivated Serbia was subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) determine the composition. Furthermore, N. essential wastested its antimicrobial, antioxidant, antihyperglycemic and anti-inflammatory activities vitro.The antimicrobial act...

Several new oral drugs have been approved for the management of type II diabetes. Metformin is an "antihyperglycemic agent" that decreases hepatic glucose production and improves insulin sensitivity. It may be used as monotherapy or in combination with a sulfonylurea. Acarbose slows carbohydrate absorption after a meal, giving endogenous or injected insulin more time to respond to ingested gluc...

Metformin is an antihyperglycemic agent commonly used in diabetic patients. It is very effective and is able to reduce the plasma glucose and HbA1C. However, in some patients, specially those with comorbidities, metformin can provoke severe lactic acidosis with high morbimortality. Treatment of the lactic acidosis induced by metformin is based on the use of supportive general measures; in sever...

Among a number of classes of oral antihyperglycemic drugs, sulfonylureas (SUs) demonstrating the potential effect to reduce blood glucose level have been used in a majority of patients with type 2 diabetes for many years. The pathophysiological processes by which SUs adversely induce the risk of cardiovascular disease have not been fully clarified. We summarized about the relationship between S...