chaetomorpha sp is one of the persian gulf green algae which can be a marine source of natural antioxidants such as polyphenols. industrial and economic development of these materials is influenced by effective extraction and application methods. microwave-assisted extraction (mae) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (uae) are novel techniques which have a potential to apply in laboratory with a...

In primitive and higher plants, intracellular storage lipid droplets (LDs) of triacylglycerols are stabilized with a surface layer of phospholipids and oleosin. In chlorophytes (green algae), a protein termed major lipid-droplet protein (MLDP) rather than oleosin on LDs was recently reported. We explored whether MLDP was present directly on algal LDs and whether algae had oleosin genes and oleo...

Falkowski et al. (1) reviewed the evidence that three disparate groups of algae— dinoflagellates, diatoms, and coccolitho-phores, each with plastids derived from red algae by secondary endosymbiosis—have come to dominate the oceans_ flora over the past 250 million years and speculated about the forces responsible for this domination. Central to this speculation is the Bportable plastid hypothes...

The seas provided a suitable site for the early evolution of all life. Ever since plants and animals developed structures and mechanisms that enabled them to survive on land, terrestrial and aquatic plants have been exposed to different abiotic and biotic selective pressures. Marine plants, which, unlike terrestrial plants, have evolved and adapted to life in a largely stable but saline environ...

The ciliate Paramecium bursaria and the green alga Chlorella species can establish endosymbiosis by mixing them through the host digestive vacuoles. Pulse-labeling of alga-free Paramecium cells with isolated symbiotic algae for 1.5 min and chasing for various times showed presence of four cytological phenomena which are indispensable for the algal reinfection. (1) Some algae acquire temporal re...

This paper presents the alkaloids found in green, brown and red marine algae. Algal chemistry has interested many researchers in order to develop new drugs, as algae include compounds with functional groups which are characteristic from this particular source. Among these compounds, alkaloids present special interest because of their pharmacological activities. Alkaloid chemistry has been widel...

Among the three main divisions of marine macroalgae (Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta and Rhodophyta), marine green algae are valuable sources of structurally diverse bioactive compounds and remain largely unexploited in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical areas. Recently, a great deal of interest has been developed to isolate novel sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) from marine green algae because of their nu...

Variabilities in the responses of several South African red and green macroalgae to direct grazing and the responses of one green alga to cues from grazers were tested. We used two feeding experiments: (1) testing the induced responses of three red and one green algae to direct grazing by mesograzers and (2) a multi-treatment experiment, in which the direct and indirect effects of one macrograz...

The chlorophyll-containing lamellar structures isolated from Anabaena variabilis have the ability to oxidize reduced mammalian cytochrome c in the dark. This activity is oxygen dependent and heat labile. As with other cytochrome oxidase preparations, activity is stimulated by detergents and is sensitive to the ionic strength of the assay solution. The cytochrome oxidase activity is not inhibite...

The green plants (Viridiplantae) are an ancient group of eukaryotes comprising two main clades: the Chlorophyta, which includes a wide diversity of green algae, and the Streptophyta, which consists of freshwater green algae and the land plants. The early-diverging lineages of the Viridiplantae comprise unicellular algae, and multicellularity has evolved independently in the two clades. Recent m...