OBJECTIVE To evaluate the influence of premedication with tramadol on xylazine-ketamine anaesthesia in young pigs. STUDY DESIGN Prospective, randomized, blinded cross-over study. ANIMALS Ten young Niger hybrid pigs: mean weight 6.1 +/- 0.6 kg. METHODS Pigs were anaesthetized twice. Xylazine (2.5 mg kg(-1)), ketamine (25 mg kg(-1)) and atropine (0.04 mg kg(-1)) were administered by intramu...

In the mouse 55°C warm-water tail-withdrawal assay, a single administration of nor-binaltorphimine (nor-BNI; 10 mg/kg i.p.) antagonized k-opioid receptor (KOR) agonist-induced antinociception up to 14 days, whereas naloxone (10 mg/kg i.p.)mediated antagonism lasted less than 1 day. In saturation binding experiments, mouse brain membranes isolated and washed 1 or 7 (but not 14) days after nor-BN...

Cytidine-5'-diphosphate choline (CDP-choline; citicoline) is an essential endogenous compound normally produced by the organism and is a source of cytidine and choline. Our recent studies on acute pain models demonstrate that intracerebroventricularly administered CDP-choline produces antinociception via supraspinal alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors-mediated mechanism in rats. However, ...

The present study was designed to examine sex differences in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced mechanical hyperalgesia and sex differences in opioid antinociception and anti-hyperalgesia. Female rats developed inflammation and hyperalgesia faster and exhibited greater peak hyperalgesia than male rats. In arthritic (CFA-treated) rats, lower thresholds were observed during estrus and proes...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The effects of ketamine in attenuating morphine tolerance have been suggested to result from a pharmacodynamic interaction. We studied whether ketamine might increase brain morphine concentrations in acute coadministration, in morphine tolerance and morphine withdrawal. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Morphine minipumps (6 mg·day(-1) ) induced tolerance during 5 days in Sprague-D...

Among the most commonly used drugs to reduce pain and inflammation are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs) opioids. Opioids a wide group of including fentanyl fully synthetic opioid that is more potent morphine. The aim present study was evaluate antinociception in two murine tests, acetic acid writhing (WT) formalin hind paw (FHP). Likewise, involvement opioids antagonists: naltrexone, nal...

Introduction: Previous studies have shown that stimulation of lateral hypothalamus (LH) produces antinociception. Orexin-A (OXA) receptor is strongly expressed in the nucleus locus coeruleus (LC) and orexinergic fibers densely project from LH to LC. In this study, we assessed the role of LC and its OXA receptors in antinociceptive response induced by LH chemical stimulation in the rat. Meth...

Diverse studies suggest that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) induce antinociception through inhibition of cyclooxygenases. In this study was evaluated the effect of NSAIDs to induce antinociception either alone or in combination in the formalin orofacial test of rodent. Male mice were injected intraperitoneally with dexibuprofen, dexktoprofen, diclofenac meloxicam, metamizol, and...