BACKGROUND Accurately identifying individuals who are on antiretroviral therapy (ART) is important to determine ART coverage and proportion on ART who are virally suppressed. ART is also included in recent infection testing algorithms used to estimate incidence. We compared estimates of ART coverage, viral load suppression rates and HIV incidence using ART self-report and detection of antiretro...

BACKGROUND With widespread use of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs in Africa, one of the major potential challenges is the risk of emergence of ARV drug-resistant HIV strains. Our objective is to evaluate the virological failure and genotypic drug-resistance mutations in patients receiving first-line highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in routine clinics that use the World Health Organizatio...

Objective: To estimate the consumption and quantity of unaltered antiretrivirals (ARV) eliminated into environment to carry out a literature research on aquatic ecotoxicological studies ARV used in Brazil. Methodology: We requested from one dispensing units city Belo-Horizonte (BH) amount dispensed years 2018-2019-2020. Considering 2020, daily dose, elimination rate, drug unchanged form was est...

BACKGROUND Self-initiation to antiretroviral treatment (ART) exposes the patient to the risk of drug toxicity, poor adherence to treatment, and escalates the development of drug resistance. OBJECTIVES To determine the sources of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs by unregistered human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients and the extent of ARV self-medication. METHODS Simulated clients wer...

BACKGROUND Antiretroviral drugs (ARV), specifically nucleoside analogs, are toxic to mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Other metabolic pathways, such as fatty acid oxidation, organic acid metabolism and amino acid metabolism, are dependent on normal oxidative phosphorylation but remain unexamined as potential points of ARV toxicity. METHODS We analyzed newborn screening data from New Y...

OBJECTIVES In Lagos, Nigeria, Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) and the Ministry of Health (MoH) commenced free antiretroviral treatment (ART) in a hospital-based clinic. We performed a cross-sectional study to compare factors associated with raised viral load between patients with ("experienced") and without ("naïve") prior antiretroviral (ARV) exposure at commencement of ART at the clinic. We al...

Access to antiretroviral (ARV) therapy for patients in developing countries has become an increasing global public health and political concern in recent years. Both donor governments and those of high-burden countries agree that treating AIDS is a major priority. Efforts are underway in many countries to increase the numbers receiving ARV treatment, and the level of international funds committ...

Over the past two decades, HIV resistance to antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) has risen to high levels in the wealthier countries of the world, which are able to afford widespread treatment. We have gained insights into the evolution and transmission dynamics of ARV resistance by designing a biologically complex multistrain network model. With this model, we traced the evolutionary history of ARV re...

Neurological complications associated with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are a matter of great concern. While antiretroviral (ARV) drugs are the cornerstone of HIV treatment and typically produce neurological benefit, some ARV drugs have limited CNS penetration while others have been associated with neurotoxicity. CNS penetration is a function of several factors including sieving role ...

OBJECTIVE To study the progress and challenges with regard to universal antiretroviral (ARV) access in Free State Province, South Africa. METHODS Data from the first 4 years of the public sector ARV roll-out and selected health system indicators were used. Data were collected from the public sector ARV database in Free State Province for new patients on ARVs, average waiting times and median ...