BACKGROUND Alcohol and other drug (AOD) use among poor Black African and Coloured women in South Africa compounds their sexual risk for HIV. Given South Africa's history of ethnic disparities, ethnic differences in sex risk profiles may exist that should be taken into account when planning HIV risk reduction interventions. This paper aims to describe ethnic differences in AOD use and AOD-relate...

This article empirically demonstrates the use of fine resolution satellite-based aerosol optical depth (AOD) to develop time and space resolved estimates of ambient particulate matter (PM) ≤2.5 µm and ≤10 µm in aerodynamic diameters (PM(2.5) and PM(10), respectively). AOD was computed at three different spatial resolutions, i.e., 2 km (means 2 km × 2 km area at nadir), 5 km, and 10 km, by using...

The effects of artificial occlusal disharmony (AOD) on working memory function and prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity in the elderly were examined. We evaluated working memory function using the modified Sternberg test (ST). We measured activity in the bilateral PFC during ST using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) before and after AOD: the mandibular position was displaced by a splint for 10 min...

Atlanto-occipital dislocation (AOD) is an injury with high morbidity and mortality. We present a case of survival of a pediatric patient with the diagnoses of AOD, retroclival hematoma, and resulting hydrocephalus. The patient's cervical spine was stabilized until occipital-cervical fusion provided definitive treatment, and the hydrocephalus was treated with a ventriculostomy. The patient survi...

Recently, a new Multi-Angle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction (MAIAC) algorithm was developed for the MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), which provides aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 1 km resolution. The relationship between MAIAC AOD and PM2.5 as measured by 84 EPA ground monitoring stations in the entire New England and the Harvard super site during 2002–2008 was in...

The newly released MODIS Collection 6 aerosol products have been widely used to evaluate fine particulate matter with a 10 km Dark Target aerosol optic depth (DT AOD) product, a new 3 km DT AOD product and an enhanced Deep Blue (DB) AOD product. However, the representativeness of MODIS AOD products under different air quality conditions remains unclear. In this study, we obtained all three type...

Strong seasonal variations in regional aerosol optical depth at 550 nm (AOD) and aerosol type were investigated over China’s Bohai Rim based upon six years’ worth of data from four sites. Aerosol loading was higher and particle sizes were larger in the spring and summer than in the autumn or winter in the region. The regional mean background AOD and Angstrom exponent (a) were 0.20 0.03 and 0.74...

Satellite-retrieved aerosol optical depth (AOD) has become an important predictor of ground-level particulate matter (PM) and greatly empowered air pollution research worldwide. We evaluated the AOD parameters included in the Collection 6 aerosol product of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) for two key factors affecting their applications in air quality research—coverage...

The purpose of this study was to identifY if the Hmong of Dunn County, Wisconsin have risk factors for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Thirty-one subjects (17 males aod 14 females) from 18-60 years old participated in the study. Data was collected at the Dunn County Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, lnfaots, aod Children, aod Hmong Stout Student Organization of University of Wiscon...