AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of a new root canal irrigation technique with intracanal aspiration in removing the smear layer and to assess irrigant extrusion ex vivo. METHODOLOGY Thirty-five instrumented canals of extracted human canine teeth that had been resected apically by removing 3 mm of the root tip were divided into one control and four experimental groups of seven teeth each. Th...

AIM The aim of this in vitro study was to assess the amount of apically extruded debris and irrigant using Reciproc vs self-adjusting fle (SAF) and to investigate the effect, if any, of gravitational force via mandibular and maxillary positioning of the teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty human mandibular premolars were randomly assigned to four groups of 10 teeth each. The root canals were in...

At the early stages of carcinogenesis, transformation occurs in single cells within tissues. In an epithelial monolayer, such mutated cells are recognized by their normal neighbors and are often apically extruded. The apical extrusion requires cytoskeletal reorganization and changes in cell shape, but the molecular switches involved in the regulation of these processes are poorly understood. He...

BACKGROUND Apical extrusion of debris during instrumentation is detrimental to the patient. AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the apical extrusion of debris during root canal instrumentation using two single file rotary Ni-Ti systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty freshly extracted mandibular premolars with straight roots were sterilized and divided into two groups instrumented using...

AIMS To compare amount of root canal debris and irrigant extruded apically after irrigants agitation using closed and open chambers. METHODS AND MATERIAL Sixty maxillary central incisors were selected, decoronated, and mounted in preweighed glass vials filled with distilled water. Biomechanical preparation was completed using ProTaper rotary files until number F4 and 1 mL of 3% NaOCl solution...

To evaluate the amount of apically extruded debris, percentage of foraminal enlargement and apical foramen (AF) deformation that occurred during root canal preparation with different reciprocation systems: Reciproc, WaveOne (M-Wire), and ProDesign R (Shape Memory Technology Wire) at two different working lengths (WLs): 0.0 and 1.0 mm beyond the AF. The AF of 120 root canals in 60 mesial roots o...

The aim of the present study was to assess the presence of apically extruded debris and evaluate the influence of canal curvature on the amount of debris produced by manual and mechanical techniques. Forty single-rooted mature teeth with 15 to 30 degree of root canal curvature were selected. The presence of only one foramen was confirmed using a magnifying lens. A size 15 K-file was placed up t...

Transcellular Mg(2+) transport across epithelia, involving both apical entry and basolateral extrusion, is essential for magnesium homeostasis, but molecules involved in basolateral extrusion have not yet been identified. Here, we show that CNNM4 is the basolaterally located Mg(2+) extrusion molecule. CNNM4 is strongly expressed in intestinal epithelia and localizes to their basolateral membran...

Introduction: With increase in number of adult orthodontic patients, the orthodontic- endodontic related patients are also expected to rise. There clinical dilemma where both specialties need robust guideline for decision making. The effect force is expressed different way and teeth which be understood by clinicians. On contrary, tooth movement endodontically involved demands careful evaluation...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro action of ProTaper retreatment files and ProTaper Universal in the retreatment of mandibular premolars. MATERIAL AND METHODS The amount of debris extruded apically was measured and the time to reach the working length and to complete the removal of gutta-percha was observed. Thirty teeth had their canals prepared using ProTaper Univ...