Ghrelin is a gastrointestinal hormone with a well-characterized role in feeding and metabolism. Recent evidence suggests that ghrelin may also be neuroprotective after injury in animal models of cerebral ischemia. Thus exogenous ghrelin treatment can improve cell survival, reduce infarct size, and rescue memory deficits in focal ischemia models, doing so by suppressing inflammation and apoptosi...

background & objectives: ischemic stroke is the third leading cause of death and disability in most of the human societies. there is no effective treatment due to complexity of the pathophysiological mechanisms. today, more researches are designed to introduce involving factors and new treatment strategies in brain ischemia. the objective of this study is to introduce an experimental model of t...

Cerebral ischemia occurs when the amount of oxygen and other nutrients supplied by blood flow is insufficient to meet the metabolic demands of brain tissue. In ischemic stroke, the blood supply to the brain is disrupted by cerebrovascular disease. For decades, extensive research and clinical approaches to combat stroke have focused on the vascular aspects of cerebral ischemia. Therapeutic advan...

The purpose of this manuscript is to briefly review the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia. Ischemic thresholds are well-defined in lower animals. The concept of the ischemic penumbra may include regions of brain around deeper regions of ischemia but has also been defined in terms of brain salvageable by reperfusion or by pharmacological therapies. The principal pathophysiological processes i...

Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury plays an important role in the development of tissue injury after acute ischemic stroke. Finding effective neuroprotective agents has become a priority in the treatment of ischemic stroke. The Golgi apparatus (GA) is a pivotal organelle and its protection is an attractive target in the treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Protective effects of ...

Transnitrosylation is an important mechanism by which nitric oxide (NO) modulates cell signaling pathways. For instance, SNO-caspase-3 can transnitrosylate the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) to enhance apoptosis. XIAP is a potent antagonist of caspase apoptotic activity. Decrease in XIAP activity via nitrosylation results in SNO-XIAP-mediated caspase activation. Considering the function...

Catalpol and puerarin are two monomers of Rehmannia glutinosa and Lobed Kudzuvine Root, which are two herbs commonly used together in ancient prescriptions of traditional Chinese medicine for cerebral ischemia. Our previous study shows that the lyophilized powder of the two monomers improved the outcome of cerebral ischemia excellently in rodents. However, if it protects vessels from ischemia i...

Inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase (SEH), the enzyme responsible for degradation of vasoactive epoxides, protects against cerebral ischemia in rats. However, the molecular and biological mechanisms that confer protection in normotension and hypertension remain unclear. Here we show that 6 weeks of SEH inhibition via 2 mg/day of 12-(3-adamantan-1-yl-ureido) dodecanoic acid (AUDA) in spontan...

Introduction: Arterial hypertension is one of the causes of stroke, and as one of the vasculotoxic conditions intensifies ischemic stroke complications. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of short-term cerebral hypertension on ischemia/reperfusion injury and pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. Methods: The experiments were performed on three groups of rats (N=36) Sham, cont...

Background Oleanolic acid (OA) has notable anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects, but the role of OA in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) not been reported so far. Methods Oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) model was induced PC12 cells. MTT assay used to detect cell viability cells, while ELISA detected expression TNF-?, IL-1? IL-6. The superoxide dismutase (SOD), mal...