The contribution of leukocytes to secondary brain damage after cerebral ischemia is still under discussion. The purpose of the present study was to examine the pial microcirculation after global cerebral ischemia while focusing on leukocyte-endothelium interactions during the early and late reperfusion period of up to 4 days. A closed cranial window technique that leaves the dura mater intact w...

In several experimental studies of cerebral ischemia, G-CSF exerts neuroprotective effects through different mechanisms, including mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells, anti-apoptosis, neuronal differentiation, angiogenesis and anti-inflammation. Hence, G-CSF not only inhibits neuron death, but also generates "new" neural tissue formation. A small pilot trial reports on the safety and feasi...

Ferulic acid (FA) is a derivative of cinnamic acid. It is used in the treatment of heart head blood-vessel disease and exerts protective effects against hypoxia/ischemia-induced cell injury in the brain. This study investigated the potential neuroprotective effects of FA against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced brain injury in vivo and in vitro through hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Nissl st...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Zinc has been reported to possess both neurotoxic and neuroprotective capabilities. The effects of elevated intracellular zinc accumulation following transient focal cerebral ischemia remain to be fully elucidated. Here, we investigated whether removing zinc with the membrane-permeable zinc chelator, N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine (TPEN), would decreas...

We investigated the potential neuroprotective effect of transient hypertension on neuronal cell death induced by ischemia-reperfusion. Recovery of neurons, terminally differentiated cells, is almost entirely dependent upon active transcription and repair of DNA damage. We focused on the histochemical detection of distribution of NOR (argyrophylic nucleolar proteins) reflecting nucleolar integri...

BACKGROUND It is well known that the hippocampus, the CA1 Pyramidal cells in particular, is selectively vulnerable during global cerebral ischemia. Recently, it is observed that pentoxifylline has a neuroprotective effect. This study explored the pharmacological relationship between ischemiainduced cell death of the hippocampus and the efficacy of a vasodilator agent (pentoxifylline) in the pre...

objective(s):global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury causes loss of pyramidal cells in ca1 region of hippocampus. in this study, we investigated the possible neuroprotective effects of the ethanol extract of cyperus rotundus (eecr) on a model of global transient ischemia in rat, by evaluating the pathophysiology of the hippocampal tissue and spatial memory. materials and methods: treatment ...

The effects of bis(7)-tacrine, a novel acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, on ischemia-induced cell death and apoptosis were investigated in primary cerebral cortical astrocytes of mice. Following a 6 h in vitro ischemic incubation of the cultures, a marked decrease in the percentage of viable cells was observed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay. Furthermore, using bisbenzimide staining,...