the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on nitrogen concentration of berseem clover were examined in contaminated soil with cadmium. examined factors included: levels of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation ( glomus mosseae ) (with and without inoculation), and different levels of soil contamination by cadmium (0, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 mg.kg-1). the results showed that the effects of cad...

This study evaluated the synergism between several P-solubilizing fungi isolates and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to improve clover ( Trifolium pratense) growth in the presence of Araxá apatite. Clover was sown directly in plastic pots with 300g of sterilized washed sand, vermiculite and sepiolite 1:1:1 (v:v:v) as substrate, and grown in a controlled environment chamber. The substrate was ferti...

Most terrestrial plants form arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM), mutualistic associations with soil fungi of the order Glomeromycota. The obligate biotrophic fungi trade mineral nutrients, mainly phosphate (P(i) ), for carbohydrates from the plants. Under conditions of high exogenous phosphate supply, when the plant can meet its own P requirements without the fungus, AM are suppressed, an effect which ...

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are one of the most common contaminants in soil. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi make host plants resistant to pollutants. This study aims to evaluate the impact of anthracene, phenanthrene and dibenzothiophene on the AM fungus Rhizophagus custos, isolated from soil contaminated by heavy metals and PAHs, under monoxenic conditions. We found a high level...

Plants are solar-powered sugar factories that feed a multitude of other organisms. Many of these organisms associate directly with host plants to gain access to the plant's photosynthates. Such symbioses encompass a wide collection of styles ranging from mutualistic to commensal and parasitic. Among these, the mutualistic arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is one of the evolutionarily oldest...

this study investigated the influence of inoculation with an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (amf), glomus mosseae (nicol & gerd.) on growth and antioxidant enzyme activities (sod, cat, gupx) in shoots and roots of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) affected by three different levels of salt stress. the experiment was arranged as a factorial in randomized complete block design (rcbd) with three replicat...

Beneficial plant-microorganism interactions are widespread in nature. Among them, the symbiosis between plant roots and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is of major importance, commonly improving host nutrition and tolerance against environmental and biotic challenges. Metabolic changes were observed in a well-established symbiosis between tomato and two common AMF: Rhizophagus irregularis an...

During arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonization, a focal accumulation of organelles occurs in root epidermal cells, prior to fungal penetration, beneath adhering hyphopodia. This is followed by the appearance of the prepenetration apparatus (PPA), a transcellular column of cytoplasm connected to the nucleus and rich in cytoskeleton and secretory endomembranes. This apparatus appears to be respo...