Establishment of arbuscular mycorrhizal interactions involves plant recognition of diffusible signals from the fungus, including lipochitooligosaccharides (LCOs) and chitooligosaccharides (COs). Nitrogen-fixing rhizobial bacteria that associate with leguminous plants also signal to their hosts via LCOs, the so-called Nod factors. Here, we have assessed the induction of symbiotic signaling by th...

The symbiotic association between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi is almost ubiquitous within the plant kingdom, and the early stages of the association are controlled by plant-derived strigolactones acting as a signal to the fungus in the rhizosphere and lipochito-oligosaccharides acting as fungal signals to the plant. Hyphopodia form at the root surface, allowing the initial invasion,...

Seedlings of three rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties (one indica, ARC5955; and two japonica, Nipponbare and Koshihikari) with or without pre-colonization by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Funneliformis mosseae were transplanted into an upland field and grown to maturity. Pre-colonization had no effect on the yield of Nipponbare or Koshihikari. However, pre-colonized ARC5955 exhibited a strong...

Two isolates of Paenibacillus validus (DSM ID617 and ID618) stimulated growth of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices Sy167 up to the formation of fertile spores, which recolonize carrot roots. Thus, the fungus was capable of completing its life cycle in the absence of plant roots, but relied instead on the simultaneous growth of bacteria. The supernatant of a mixed batch cultu...

* The influence of carbohydrate availability to mycorrhizal roots on uptake, metabolism and translocation of phosphate (P) by the fungus was examined in axenic cultures of transformed carrot (Daucus carota) roots in symbiosis with Glomus intraradices. * 14C-labelled carbohydrates, 33P-phosphate and energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis were used to follow the uptake and transfer of C and P in t...

As a potential phytoremediation system for phytoextraction of chromium (Cr), we evaluated the influence of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices on leaf tissue elemental composition, growth and gas exchange of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Sunflower seedlings were either inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi (AM) or non-inoculated (Non-AM) and then exposed to two Cr species: {12...

The fungicide benomyl inhibited spore germination and hyphal length of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae when applied at doses of 21.25 microg/ml (agronomic dose), 10.62 microg/ml and 10 microg/ml. G. mosseae was able to germinate in the presence of 2.12 microg/ml of benomyl, and the percentage of spore germination was unaffected by dosis of 0.1, 0.01 and 0.001 microg/ml of the f...

An established arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis suppresses further mycorrhization. It is not clear whether the observed suppressional effect is linked with the level of root colonization or not. In the present work we studied the effect of the degree of root colonization by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae on further root colonization by G. mosseae. At different time points barl...

In this study, the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (G. mosseae) and endosymbiont (P. indica) colonized Zea mays were treated with calcium phosphate nanoparticles (CaPNPs) and evaluated for their plant growth promotion efficiency. It was observed that CaPNPs in combination with both G. mosseae and P. indica are more potent plant growth promoter than independent combinations of CaPNPs+G. mosseae,...

Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) is a mutual symbiosis that involves a complex symbiotic interface over which nutrients are exchanged between the plant host and the AM fungus. Dozens of genes in the host are required for the establishment and functioning of the interaction, among them nutrient transporters that mediate the uptake of mineral nutrients delivered by the fungal arbuscules. We have isolat...