We examined the effect of the antioxidant lazaroid U-74389F on acute lung injury induced in rabbits by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Thirty minutes after receiving either U-74389F (15 mg.kg-1 i.v.) or U-74389F vehicle, rabbits (n = 60) were given PMA (60 micrograms.kg-1 i.v.). PMA vehicle injected rabbits (n = 20) served as controls. Over a 5 h period after PMA or PMA vehicle injection, we m...

OBJECTIVE Endoluminal vascular interventions such as angioplasty initiate a sterile inflammatory response resulting from local tissue damage. This response drives the development of intimal hyperplasia (IH) that, in turn, can lead to arterial occlusion. We hypothesized that the ubiquitous nuclear protein and damage-associated molecular pattern molecule, high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), is one...

A response to injury leading to intimal thickening and subsequent " restenosis " has limited the clinical eYciency of percutaneous coronary interventions ever since they have been used to treat symptomatic coronary artery disease. During the recent two decades a lot has been learned about the pathophysiology of the response to injury following different kinds of interventions. The predominant m...

Recent studies of mice that lack plasminogen have identified a critical role for this zymogen in arterial remodeling. To permit the use of these (and other) genetically modified mice in the analysis of venous injury, we developed a model in which a patch cut from the external jugular vein of a mouse is grafted to repair a surgically created defect in its carotid artery. In wild-type mice, the v...

Displaced Lisfranc fracture with the arterial supply of the foot superimposed. The division of the dorsalis pedis artery (not shown) at its junction with the plantar arterial arch is present in all degrees of this fracture and is not in itself a dangerous injury. When to this injury is added excessive torsion of the main lateral plantar artery or of the posterior tibial artery behind the medial...

INTRODUCTION Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization has been widely used to treat advanced hepatocellular carcinoma that cannot be treated by local ablation therapies or surgical resection. The effectiveness of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization in prolonging survival has been well established, and approximately one third of newly discovered hepatocellular carcinoma patients were repeat...

Arterial injury results in the formation of neointimal lesions. Lack of resolution of the pathologic neointima leads to stenosis, tissue ischemia, and organ dysfunction. In this issue of the JCI, Kovacic et al. show that, in response to arterial injury in mice, the cytokine TNF-alpha triggers a novel signaling pathway involving the combinatorial action of two transcription factors, STAT3 and NF...

TLRs (Toll-like receptors) are the first line of defence of the innate immune system. These receptors recognize not only exogenous but also endogenous ligands that are expressed following arterial injury and atherosclerotic disease. Expression of TLR2 and TLR4 is observed in macrophages and different vascular cells and is increased in atherosclerotic disease. It is suggested that TLR expression...

The Vein-Chip recapitulates CVST Virchow's triad and enables systematic characterization of venous thrombogenesis with respect to fibrin formation platelet aggregation. Distinct from the arterial setting, platelets universally adhere across entire CVS independent stenotic geometry flow disturbance. Intriguingly, propagates along direction, but exclusively deposits inner vessel wall. Upon inflam...

Decompression illness is a rare but serious complication of diving caused by intravascular or extravascular gas bubble formation. We report the first case of acute kidney injury in a 27-year-old diver following three rapid ascents. He presented with transient neurological symptoms and abdominal pain followed by rapidly progressive acute kidney injury (creatinine peak 1210 µmol/L) due to arteria...