iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my labmates, advisor, and other members of the EAS faculty for providing me with direction and encouragement. Special thanks go to the wonderful people at the Skidaway Institute of Oceanography the crew members of the R/V Savannah for the support and fun times.

The 1996 welfare reform legislation expanded the use of sanctions under the assumption that welfare recipients can comply with work requirements and that they can calculate the costs and benefits of compliance. This research tests the validity of these assumptions through a recordand survey-based study of California welfare recipients. The article questions the validity of the assumptions, find...

Various tax policies provide consumers with forms of insurance. Social security has the payoff characteristics of an annuity. The income tax provides consumers with a degree of Income insurance because the government shares part of the individual's income risk. Redistributive taxes can be used to spread aggregate income risks across different generations The effects of these and other tax polic...

Currently, the increasing number of article submissions to scientific journals forces editors to be more selective in their acceptance of papers. Consequently, editors have increased the frequency of their use of scientific referee mechanisms. For many researchers, the publication of a scientific article in a high impact factor journal is a gradual and difficult process. After preparation and s...

The goals of this paper are to assess feasibility of using total concentration (TPC) of phytoliths in modern soils and morphotypes in soil assemblages to infer paleovegetation cover and composition. We sampled from undisturbed grassland sites with different values of shrub and grass cover in the Columbia Basin, interior Pacific Northwest, USA. Phytolith concentration in soils were measured and ...

American Studies is an academic discipline whose object of study is the United States of America and everything associated with it, and American sociologists largely ignore it. American Studies largely ignores American sociology. What causes this mutual exclusion? An outline of the disciplinary history of American Studies and journal article citation data show that the relationship between soci...

A drug that can improve your exam results may sound tempting, and John Harris believes that we should embrace its possibilities. Anjan Chatterjee, however, argues that the dangers have been underplayed Disciplines Bioethics and Medical Ethics | Medicine and Health Sciences Comments Chatterjee A. Head to Head: Is it acceptable for people to take methylphenidate to enhance performance? British Me...

The existence of a new phenomena – giant electron-gamma bursts is established. The bursts are generated in thunderclouds as a result of the combined action of runaway breakdown and extensive atmosphere showers (RB-EAS). The experiments were fulfilled at the Tien Shan Mountain Scientific Station using EAS-Radio installation. This specially constructed installation consists of a wide spread EAS t...

The dynamic relationship between hypernorms and microsocial contracts can explain novel, evolutionary changes in economic life. The conceptual machinery of Integrative Social Contracts Theory (ISCT) can be expanded in order to understand dynamic moments in the evolution in economic life such as the economic crisis of 2008–2009. When a transition in the ethical interpretation of economic events ...

R. Haeusler1, T. Antoni1, W.D. Apel1, A.F. Badea2, K. Bekk1, K. Bernlöhr1, E. Bollmann1, H. Bozdog2, I.M. Brancus2, A. Chilingarian3, K. Daumiller4, P. Doll1, J. Engler1, F. Feßler1, M. Föller1 H.J. Gils1, R. Glasstetter4 , W. Hafemann1 , A. Haungs1, D. Heck1, T. Holst1, J.R. Hörandel1 K.-H. Kampert1;4, H. Keim1, J. Kempa5, H.O. Klages1, J. Knapp4 H.J. Mathes1, H.J. Mayer1, J. Milke1, D. Mühlen...