In this paper we carried out a diachronic analysis (1840-2009) of a corpus of 180 medical case report titles drawn from the British Medical Journal. We analyzed a series of quantitative variables (number of authors and their institutional affiliation, title length, and punctuation/ grammatical data) and qualitative variables (authors’ collaboration and types of titles). The results of our resea...

Wikipedia is a free online encyclopedia that aims to allow anyone to edit any article or create them. However, articles tend to become long and complex, so giving appropriate titles or key phrases to untitled segments is necessary for reader assistance. In this paper, we show methods to select titles for representing article segments. Key phrase extraction has been studied for years, but we con...

OBJECTIVE To describe the use of NICE, the acronym for the UK National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, as both an adjective and noun in peer-reviewed journal article titles. DESIGN Systematic review of titles retrieved by electronic database searches. DATA SOURCES Ovid databases (MEDLINE, All EBM Reviews, EMBASE, ERIC, CINAHL and PsycINFO) covering the formation of NICE in 199...

Wikipedia can be utilized as a controlled vocabulary for identifying the main topics in a document, with article titles serving as index terms and redirect titles as their synonyms. Wikipedia contains over 4M such titles covering the terminology of nearly any document collection. This permits controlled indexing in the absence of manually created vocabularies. We combine state-of-the-art strate...

The title of a document has two roles, to give a compact summary and to lead the reader to read the document. Conventional title generation focuses on finding key expressions from the author’s wording in the document to give a compact summary and pays little attention to the reader’s interest. To make the title play its second role properly, it is indispensable to clarify the content (“what to ...