Routing and Wavelength Assignment (RWA) problem in all-optical networks assumes determining the routes and wavelengths to be used to create the lightpaths for connection requests. The RWA problem belongs to a class of difficult combinatorial optimization problems. We propose the Bee Colony Optimization (BCO) heuristic algorithm tailored for the RWA problem (BCO–RWA) in all-optical networks with...

Swarm intelligence systems are typically made up of a population of simple agents or boids interacting locally with one another and with their environment. Particle swarm, Ant colony, Bee colony are examples of swarm intelligence. In the field of computer science and operations research, Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm (ABC) is an optimization algorithm based on the intelligent foraging behavio...

Automated software refactoring is known to be one of the "hard" combinatorial optimization problems of the search-based software engineering field. The difficulty is mainly due to candidate solution representation, objective function description and necessity of functional behavior preservation of software. The problem is formulated as a combinatorial optimization problem whose objective functi...

The Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm recently gained high popularity by providing a robust and efficient approach for solving continuous optimization problems. In order to apply ABC in discrete landscape, a binary version of artificial bee colony (BABC) algorithm is proposed in this manuscript. Unlike the original ABC algorithm, the proposed BABC represents a food source as a discrete bina...