We are investigating novel techniques to obtain time-dependent magnetic field measurements in wire-array Z-pinches and X-pinches. An ideal method would be emission spectroscopy (Zeeman splitting of lines, for example, in the visible or VUV spectrum), as it would be entirely passive and non-perturbing. However, a spectroscopic method to determine the high magnetic fields present in megampere lev...

Microorganisms are important components of soil. Some soil filamentous fungi such asPenicilium produce many bioactive small molecules, or secondary metabolites, that range frombeneficial bioactive compounds to harmful toxins. In this study, the metabolites of threepenicillium species (P. goditanum, P. moldavicum and P. corylophilum) were extracted byadding ethyl acetate to liquid cultures. The ...