one of most frequently stated phrases of sahifat al-sajjadiyya is related to repentance and asking for god’s pardon for the sins that are not only incompatible with the infallibility of imam al-sajjad (a.s.) but are inconsistent with ordinary human beings as well. this article intends to bring up and study some of the solutions for the above-mentioned enigma. on this basis, in explanation of th...

Socrates asks Euthyphro whether the gods value piety because it is good, or if piety is good because the gods value it. If we generalize Socrates’s question, we come to a choice that has exercised tremendous influence in the history of metaphysics. Instead of asking about value, we can talk about any property. Instead of asking about valuing, we can ask about any attitude or activity. Instead o...

" (V)irtue would be neither an inborn quality nor taught, but comes to those who possess it as a gift from the gods which is not accompanied by understanding , unless there is someone among our states-men who can make another into a statesman. If there was one, he could be said to be among the living as Homer said Tiresias was among the dead, namely, that 'he alone retained his wits while the o...

the ḥadīth, “backbiting is more severe than adultery” (al-ghaybatu ashaddu min al-zinā), quoted from the apostle of allah (s.a.w.), by four of his companions: abū dhar al-ghifārī, abū sa‘īd al-khudrī, jābir b. ‘abd allāh al-anṣārī, and anas b. al-mālik is reported in the shī‘ī and sunnī sources – except for the kutub al-‘arba‘a and ṣiḥāḥ al-sitta. while analyzing and explaining the text of the ...

pardon. The document is, after all, sent by Truth, the divine authority whose tower overshadows the fair field. Its message "Et qui bona egerunt ibunt in vitam eternam; / Qui vero mala in ignem eternum" is an article of the Athanasian Creed and thus an orthodox tenet of the faith. Moreover, critics who argue that Truth's document is a pardon maintain that its text is consistent with the theme o...

it is stipulated in our islamic jurisprudence and law that when a person is killed and he or she has several legal guardians, if some of the guardians pardon, the remaining guardians have the right to retaliate in qiṣāṣ provided that they pay the share of the blood money to those demanding blood money. it is pronounced in the article 264 of islamic penal code that: “if there are several legal g...

Though few scholars compare presidencies, a recent collection by John Carey and Matthew Shugart (1998) compares the use of the presidential executive decree power in several countries. In a similar vein, we examine the oft-neglected power of the presidential pardon in the United States and Russia. The power of presidents to grant pardons is typically unlimited, which fact alone makes it worthwh...

Imagine yourself as a field researcher sent to Africa to study lion colonies. The savannah can be treacherous in its monotony. Inching forward through the tall grasses you suddenly discover yourself face to face with the snarling leader of a lion tribe. Would you say, “Pardon me, but I would like to know a little more about how you communicate with the other members of your family. For starters...