Epilepsy is neurological disorders that afflict many people around the world with a higher prevalence rate in children and in low income countries. Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is result from hippocampal sclerosis is a neurological disorder with difficult treatment. Stem cells can transform into any type of cells such as glial cells, consequently stem cells can use for medical treatment. Stem c...

Objective(s):Theneuroprotective effect of lithium has been attributed to its therapeutic action. However, the role of glial cells particularly astrocytes, and the possible interactions between neurons and astrocytes in neuroprotective effects of lithium have been disregarded. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the direct effects of lithium on brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) an...

Introduction: Astrocytes, the most abundant glia in the central nervous system, modulate neuronal survival and function. Astrocytic functions are mediated by synthesis and secretion of wide ranges of polypeptides through mechanism (s) poorly understood. Among these, TGFβs are synthesized and released by the astrocytes. In this study, the involvement of Wnt signaling pathway on the synthesi...

Astrocytes are known to respond various perturbations with oscillations of calcium, including cellular injury. Less is about astrocytes’ ability detect DNA/nuclear damage. This study looks at changes in calcium signaling response laser-induced nuclear damage using a NIR Ti:Sapphire laser. Primary astrocytes derived from genetically engineered mice expressing G6Campf encoded indicator were image...

We show that unavoidable stochastic fluctuations are not only affecting information processing in a destructive or constructive way, but may even induce conditions necessary for the artificial intelligence itself. In this proof-of-principle paper we consider model of neuron-astrocyte network under influence multiplicative noise and encoding (loading, storage, retrieval patterns), one paradigmat...

Recent findings have revealed that not only neurons but also astrocytes, a special type of glial cells, are major players neuronal information processing. It is now widely accepted they contribute to the regulation their microenvironment by cross-talking with via gliotransmitters. In this context, we here study phenomenon vibrational resonance in considering interaction astrocytes. Our analysis...

Based on their morphology, the most abundant cells within nervous tissue of central system, astrocytes, can be divided into two types, protoplasmic astrocytes and fibrous astrocytes. A further analysis brain with preserved from human principal olivary nucleus, based morphological differences age, is successfully performed in this paper. Moreover, images 294 148 146 protoplasmic, nucleus were us...

The generation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) offers tremendous opportunities for cell replacement therapy in demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and spinal cord injury. Recently, the prospect of reprogramming terminally differentiated adult cells towards another mature somatic cell or progenitor cells without an intermediate pluripotent state has been of interest...

The generation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) offers tremendous opportunities for cell replacement therapy in demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and spinal cord injury. Recently, the prospect of reprogramming terminally differentiated adult cells towards another mature somatic cell or progenitor cells without an intermediate pluripotent state has been of interest...

Cannabinoids reduce tremor associated with motor disorders induced by injuries and neurodegenerative disease. Here we show that this effect is mediated cannabinoid receptors on astrocytes in the ventral horn of spinal cord, where alternating limb movements are initiated. We first demonstrate reduced a mouse model essential after intrathecal injection analog WIN55,212-2. investigate underlying m...