This paper presents a Kalman filter using a seven-component attitude state vector comprising the angular momentum components in a n inertial reference frame, the angular momentum components in the body frame, and a rotation angle. The relatively slow variation of these parameters makes this parameterization advantageous for spinning spacecraft attitude estimation. The filter accounts for the co...

The attitude of spacecraft is represented by a 3x3 orthogonal matrix with unity determinant, which belongs to the three-dimensional special orthogonal group SO(3). The fact that all three-parameter representations of SO(3) are singular or discontinuous for certain attitudes has led to the use of higher-dimensional nonsingular parameterizations, especially the four-component quaternion. In attit...

Non-convex and non-affine parameterizations of uncertainty are intrinsic within every attitude estimation problem given the fact that minimal and/or nonsingular representations of the attitude matrix are invariably nonlinear functions of the unknown attitude variables. Of course, this fact remains true for rotation matrices both in the 2-D plane (flatland) and in higher dimensional spaces (othe...

Several innovations are introduced to ameliorate error in space object attitude estimation. A radiometric measurement noise model is developed to define the observation uncertainty in terms of optical, environmental, and sensor parameters. This reduces biases in the space objects’ posterior state distributions. Additionally, a correlated angular rate dynamics model is adopted to decouple the ef...

A priori information given by the complete modelling of the ballistic behavior of a projectile is simplified to give a pertinent reduced evolution model. This model is composed of quasi-static and dynamic models. An extended Kalman filter is designed to estimate dynamic part of the 3 attitude angles (roll in [0, 2π], angle of attack and side-slip in the range of few milliradians) from measures ...

BACKGROUND In many countries, the need for physical therapists to use standardised measures has been recognised and is recommended in clinical practice guidelines. Research has shown a lack of clinimetric knowledge and clinical application of measurement instruments in daily practice may hamper implementation of these guidelines. OBJECTIVES The aims of our study were a) to investigate the cur...

Bu araştırmanın amacı fen bilimleri öğretmenlerinin ölçme ve değerlendirmeye yönelik tutum düzeylerini belirlemek, düzeyleri ile ilişkili değişkenleri araştırmak arttırabilmek için öneri sunmaktır. Araştırmada yöntem olarak tarama kullanılmıştır. Araştırma 623 öğretmeni gerçekleştirilmiştir. değerlendirme konusunda eğitim alma, öğretim sürecinde araç-tekniklerini kullanım sıklığı, alternatif te...