Heterophones pose challenges during training of automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems because they involve ambiguity in the pronunciation of an orthographic representation of a word. Heterophones are words that have the same spelling but different pronunciations. This paper addresses the problem of heterophonic languages by developing the concept of a Composite Phoneme (CP) as a basic pron...

In the beginning a command prompt based C++ application was created to control a Rotary ASRS using a RS232 serial interface. Later by implementing the logic and the functions of the program a new one was created. Using Microsoft Visual C++ 6.0 and Microsoft Foundation Classes (MFC) a Graphical User Interface (GUI) program was developed to control the robot and to manage its database. The MFC ap...

although construction has been known as a highly complex application field for autonomous robotic systems, recent advances in this field offer great hope for using robotic capabilities to develop automated construction. today, space research agencies seek to build infrastructures without human intervention, and construction companies look to robots with the potential to improve construction qua...

Using the trend of age-standardized incidence rate of cancers (ASR) is inaccurate for registration with incomplete reporting, especially in developing registries. The relative age-standardized ratio (RASR) is a new measure that takes ascertainment bias of registration into account. RASR is calculated from the ASR for each cancer divided by the ASR for leukemia. Leukemia was chosen as the refere...

Background Adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been added as a diagnosis to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders version 5 (DSM5) in 2013, thus making ADHD, which has been classically known as a childhood disorder, a life-long disorder. Those suffering from the condition show very specific behavioral traits, which manifest as lifestyle habits; they als...

BACKGROUND Comorbidity between ADHD and Bipolar Disorder (BD) is associated with greater severity of BD. The current study aims at investigating, in a specialized mood disorders clinic, the percentage of comorbid ADHD-BD subjects and assessing the impact of ADHD on the severity of BD. METHODS Out of 539 mood disorders subjects, the medical records of 138 BD subjects were scrutinized in terms ...

OBJECTIVE Our study aims to describe changes in carcinoma in situ (CIS) and invasive cervical carcinoma (ICC) in Korean women diagnosed between 1993 and 2009. METHODS All cases of CIS and invasive cervical carcinoma diagnosed from 1993 to 2009 in the Korean National Cancer Incidence database were analyzed. Age-standardized rates (ASRs) and annual percent changes (APCs) in incidence rates were...

BACKGROUND Depression is common in adolescents, with a gender bias towards girls. Symptoms associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) tend to co-occur in depressed adolescents. This may be related to common features between the two symptom domains, but co-occurring ADHD symptoms may also inflate the severity of depression. The present study investigates the frequency and in...