Learner autonomy (LA) has always been a controversial issue among applied linguists. Several studies have been carried out to investigate the teachers' and learners' perceptions of learner autonomy as well as the feasibility of learner autonomy. Despite the importance of learner autonomy and the existence of several related studies, the challenges in promoting LA in Iranian institutes to the re...

this study attempts to examine the multilingualism in algeria, in other words, the phenomenon of linguistic diversity which characterizes the algerian reality and its relationship. for that matter the article visualizes the linguistic level of learners especially children, highlighting the characteristics of the multiplicity of its causes and manifestations. here, the descriptive methodology is...

This paper introduces t-OLM, an open learner model to investigate user trust in a range of learner model externalisations. It was found that, while sufficient levels of use were made to suggest user trust in an externalised learner model, the relationship between trust and perceived utility, perceived accuracy, and level of understanding of the model representations, is not straightforward.

This paper proposes a theoretical framework that allows goal -based agents attached to networked applications and learning environments to support users’ work and learning. Users, learners, applications and learning environments are represented by autonomous goal -based social agents who communicate, cooperate, and compete in a multi-system and multi-user distributed environment. This allows fo...

Investigating the “knowing”, a module of the KARDS model proposed by Kumaravadivelu (2012) for teacher education, of Iranian teachers of learner autonomy, this study is an attempt to illuminate some of the yet unexplored areas of teachers’ various types of knowledge of learner autonomy. Furthermore, it attempts to illustrate how Iranian Non-EFL teachers’ knowing affects their practices with reg...

this paper examines the theoretical rationales and practical aspects of task-based language teaching (tblt) with particular reference to research findings in efl/esl contexts. the definitional scope of the term ‘task’, polarizations in terms of task vs. non-task, and its relation to different language teaching approaches have engendered conceptual and methodological ambiguities.  moreover, fact...

In this paper we envision a federated learning (FL) scenario in service of amending the performance autonomous road vehicles, through drone traffic monitor (DTM), that also acts as an orchestrator. Expecting non-IID data distribution, focus on issue accelerating particular class critical object (CO), may harm nominal operation vehicle. This can be done proper allocation wireless resources for a...